Mass Mortality of Japanese Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Caused by Vibrio harveyi Infection

Sawabe, Tomoo; Inoue, Sahoko; Fukui, Youhei; Yoshie, Kaoru; Nishihara, Yutaka; Miura, Hideo

doi:10.1264/jsme2.22.300

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the case of the challenge with a GFP-tagged virulent strain of V. parahaemolyticus, the density of the bacteria was maintained in the gills of Tiostrea chilensis oysters for 48 h after contact (23). Sawabe et al also revealed a tropism of a GFP-tagged virulent strain of V. harveyi for gills in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai (24). Our results add another degree of clarification and functional complexity regarding the observations made by Travers et al, who visualized an accumulation of V. harveyi on the surface of the gills in infected animals (5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Vibrio harveyi Adheres to and Penetrates Tissues of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the First Hours of Contact

Cardinaud

Barbou

Capitaine

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio harveyi is a marine bacterial pathogen responsible for episodic epidemics generally associated with massive mortalities in many marine organisms, including the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata. The aim of this study was to identify the portal of entry and the dynamics of infection of V. harveyi in the European abalone. The results indicate that the duration of contact between V. harveyi and the European abalone influences the mortality rate and precocity. Immediately after contact, the epithelial and mucosal area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland was colonized by V. harveyi. Real-time PCR analyses and culture quantification of a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain of V. harveyi in abalone tissues revealed a high density of bacteria adhering to and then penetrating the whole gill-hypobranchial gland tissue after 1 h of contact. V. harveyi was also detected in the hemolymph of a significant number of European abalones after 3 h of contact. In conclusion, this article shows that a TaqMan real-time PCR assay is a powerful and useful technique for the detection of a marine pathogen such as V. harveyi in mollusk tissue and for the study of its infection dynamics. Thus, we have revealed that the adhesion and then the penetration of V. harveyi in European abalone organs begin in the first hours of contact. We also hypothesize that the portal of entry of V. harveyi in the European abalone is the area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland.T he halophilic Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio harveyi is a common pathogen of many marine vertebrate and invertebrate species (1). V. harveyi is known to induce gastroenteritis, inflammation of the circulatory system or eye, and skin lesions in various species of fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks (2). In the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, V. harveyi is responsible for the massive mortalities that occur during the summer spawning period both in natural populations and in farmed stocks (3, 4). Vibriosis of the European abalone is characterized by the presence of white spots on the foot and inflammation of the pericardial tissue, resulting in impaired mobility and septicemia (5).Schematically, the bacterial infection process can be summarized to occur in three stages: (i) colonization, adhesion of the pathogen to the host surface, and initial multiplication and then penetration of the pathogen into the body through one or several portals, (ii) invasion of the host organs and/or the circulatory system concurrently with the expression of virulence factors by the pathogen, and (iii) exit of the pathogen and transmission of the disease (6, 7). Invasion and multiplication of V. harveyi inside the circulatory system, the hemolymph, seem to take place after 24 h of contact with the European abalone (5), suggesting that the adhesion and penetration of V. harveyi must occur in the first 24 h of contact. The portal of entry and the precise timing of the earlier stages of V. harveyi infection in the European abalone remain uncharacterized....

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Vibrio harveyi Adheres to and Penetrates Tissues of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the First Hours of Contact

Cardinaud

Barbou

Capitaine

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Therefore, the detection and enumeration of the species responsible or indicator species like Escherichia coli are anticipated. A series of reports have contributed to the rapid and accurate detection of target species in environments (14,32,33,61,62,128,144,164,166) particularly by developing new methods, as well as to the detailed taxonomy of related species (62,145). These studies have had a considerable impact on the ecology of animal-associated microorganisms by demonstrating that they likely share other ecological niches in natural environments, and represent the exciting recent research activities found in M&E.…”

Section: Living Together or Separately?: Ecology Of Animal Symbiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Great Leap forward in Microbial Ecology

et al. 2010

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence-based molecular techniques emerged in the late 1980s, which completely changed our general view of microbial life. Coincidentally, the Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology (JSME) was founded, and its official journal "Microbes and Environments (M&E)" was launched, in 1985. Thus, the past 25 years have been an exciting and fruitful period for M&E readers and microbiologists as demonstrated by the numerous excellent papers published in M&E. In this minireview, recent progress made in microbial ecology and related fields is summarized, with a special emphasis on 8 landmark areas; the cultivation of uncultured microbes, in situ methods for the assessment of microorganisms and their activities, biofilms, plant microbiology, chemolithotrophic bacteria in early volcanic environments, symbionts of animals and their ecology, wastewater treatment microbiology, and the biodegradation of hazardous organic compounds.

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“…Currently, there is no health monitoring or surveillance of wild abalone in Omani waters. A broad spectrum of disease agents have been reported to cause mortalities of both wild and cultured abalone (Sawabe et al, 2007). Among the causative agents, Vibrios have been frequently highlighted (Nishimori et al, 1998;Cheng et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of the abalone Haliotis mariae (Haliotidae: Mollusca) in aquaculture

Yoon

Al-Kaabi

Al-Kindi

et al. 2015

Jour. Agri. & Mar. Scie.

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The Omani abalone, Haliotis mariae, is the only species of abalone found in Omani waters. Given the rarity of this species and the high price it can fetch on the market (US$ 150 kg-1 dry weight), the wild abalone fishery in the Dhofar region has been regarded as a valuable income source for the past decade. The present study was undertaken set to investigate the mortality of abalone held at the Mirbat Research Center, through bacteriological and histopathological based investigations and challenge tests. Only the adult wild abalone that had been kept for a year in the hatchery, visually, appeared to be clear of disease symptoms. Infected individuals typically were swollen around the mouth, had fluid tinged with blood, bubbles in the intestines, and, very weak adhesive strength. The foot area (muscle) of diseased animals was noticeably very soft and individuals that were seen lying upside down on the bottom of the tank subsequently died. On dissection, the intestinal organs released bubbles and a foul smelling odour. Identification of the isolated bacteria using various identification methods indicated that individuals were infected with Staphylococcus sciuri. Histopathology of infected individuals revealed spongiosis of the tissues with evident bacterial infection. Neither of these histopathological conditions were seen in healthy abalone. The study concludes that the bacterium Staphylococcus sciuri may be the likely cause of abalone mortalities.

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Mass Mortality of Japanese Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Caused by Vibrio harveyi Infection

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Vibrio harveyi Adheres to and Penetrates Tissues of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the First Hours of Contact

Vibrio harveyi Adheres to and Penetrates Tissues of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the First Hours of Contact

A Great Leap forward in Microbial Ecology

Mortality of the abalone Haliotis mariae (Haliotidae: Mollusca) in aquaculture

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