Mass seasonal bioflows of high-flying insect migrants

Hu, Gao; Lim, Koeng Su; Horvitz, Nir; Clark, S. J.; Reynolds, D. R.; Sapir, Nir; Chapman, Jason W.

doi:10.1126/science.aah4379

Cited by 304 publications

(341 citation statements)

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“…The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [Science] at https://doi.org/[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1127272], (Holland et al, ). The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [Science] at https://doi.org/%5B10.1126/science.aah4379], (Hu et al, ). The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [ScienceDirect] at https://doi.org/%5B10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.009], (Kleijn et al, ).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementsupporting

confidence: 69%

Application of lidar remote sensing of insects in agricultural entomology on the Chinese scene

Song

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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Insect pest management is a very important aspect for plant protection in crops production. Remote sensing provides a large number of techniques that are beneficial in entomological research. Although entomological radars have been used for studying migrations of insects for many years, most of entomological radar studies have been vertically tracing high‐altitude migration behaviour of insects. Light detection and ranging (lidar) is a counterpart to radar, now operating in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which has been recently applied for monitoring of insects at low altitude. Such techniques, in particular low‐cost continuous‐wave (CW) bi‐static systems based on the Scheimpflug arrangement, have been rapidly developing during the last decade. As a result, optical methods present new and fascinating possibilities. Based on experience from a 2‐week field campaign in rice paddy fields, we here present an overview of lidar remote sensing applied to the Chinese scene. The capability of a CW Scheimpflug lidar system in monitoring the insects was studied. We present results on insect abundance in relation to time of the day and weather conditions. We also identified insect species by analysing wing‐beat frequencies and studied their attraction to ultraviolet (UV) lamp located close to the horizontal laser sampling path during night time. Results showed that the insect species were abundant, that insects detected by the lidar system were attracted to light and that light rain increased the insect activity. The lidar detection system had a high read‐out frequency, enabling the estimation of insect wing‐beat frequencies.

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Section: Data Availability Statementsupporting

confidence: 69%

Application of lidar remote sensing of insects in agricultural entomology on the Chinese scene

Song

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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“…Each year, the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus) undertakes a multi‐generational migration between Africa and Europe, which enables it to track and exploit abundant but ephemeral resources over a vast latitudinal gradient (Stefanescu et al ., ; Talavera & Vila, ). The migratory circuit in the Western Palaearctic consists of a general northward movement from northern Africa to Europe in spring, followed by a reverse southward movement of the population at the end of summer and in autumn, as has been confirmed by field and radar observations, experimental data, and stable isotope markers (Nesbit et al ., ; Chapman et al ., ; Stefanescu et al ., , , ; Hu et al ., ). From September–October to March–April, V. cardui is recorded continuously in northwest (NW) Africa and the Canary Islands, where it produces up to three consecutive generations (Wiemers, ; Stefanescu et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Back to Africa: autumn migration of the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui is timed to coincide with an increase in resource availability

Stefanescu

Puig-Montserrat

Samraoui

et al. 2017

Ecological Entomology

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1. The painted lady Vanessa cardui is a long‐range migratory butterfly that performs an annual multi‐generational round‐trip between Europe and Africa. Each autumn it returns to northwest (NW) Africa, presumably to track changes in resources that follow a predictable climate‐related spatio‐temporal pattern. 2. Data on the abundance of adult and immature stages in the Maghreb in 2014–2016 are used to test several hypotheses regarding the autumn migration of this species. 3. A strong seasonal migratory strategy was confirmed by the all but total absence of the species in NW Africa at the end of summer and the arrival of huge numbers migrants in October and November. Migration was timed to coincide with an increase in host plant availability but not with any increase in nectar sources. 4. Flower abundance was the main predictor of adult abundance in autumn, with Ditrichia viscosa, Verbesina encelioides, and Medicago sativa being key resources that attracted enormous numbers of butterflies to oases, ruderal habitats, and oueds. The distribution of immature stages was strongly predicted by host plant abundance (with traditional agriculture representing the most important breeding habitat) and latitude (most breeding occurred in the south of the region). Also, both adults and immature stages were more common inland than in coastal areas. 5. Changes in age structure of the adult population were also noted. The number of fresh adults slowly increased, indicating that butterflies did not return in a single wave and that the first offspring of the first returners were already emerging when some butterflies were still arriving.

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“…the LYRV) is dependent on densities in the source areas and on weather conditions which assist or hinder the long-distance nocturnal migrations. Favourably directed, fast-moving winds are the most influential meteorological factor in determining take-off and transport (Chapman et al 2010(Chapman et al , 2015, particularly for small, weakflying species (Chapman et al 2011;Hu et al 2016) such as planthoppers, while rainfall is the most important factor for terminating migrations (Drake and Reynolds 2012). Using a light trap data set from selected plant protection stations over a 26-year period ; when a longestablished standard 'black light' was used in the traps), we explored the effect of two key meteorological factors on the intensity and timing of arrival of the aforementioned fourth and fifth planthopper immigrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term seasonal forecasting of a major migrant insect pest: the brown planthopper in the Lower Yangtze River Valley

Lu²,

Reynolds

et al. 2018

J Pest Sci

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Rice planthoppers and associated virus diseases have become the most important pests threatening food security in China and other Asian countries, incurring costs of hundreds of millions of US dollars annually in rice losses, and in expensive, environmentally harmful, and often futile control efforts. The most economically damaging species, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The interaction of these waves of migrants and synoptic weather patterns, driven by the semi-permanent western Pacific subtropical high-pressure (WPSH) system, is of critical importance in forecasting the timing and intensity of immigration events and determining the seriousness of subsequent planthopper build-up in the rice crop. We analysed a 26-year data set from a standardised light trap network in Southern China, showing that planthopper aerial transport and concentration processes are associated with the characteristics (strength and position) of the WPSH in the year concerned. Then, using N. lugens abundance in source areas and indices of WPSH intensity or related sea surface temperature anomalies, we developed a model to predict planthopper numbers immigrating into the key rice-growing area of the Lower Yangtze Valley. We also demonstrate that these WPSH-related climatic indices combined with early-season planthopper catches can be used to forecast, several months in advance, the severity of that season's N. lugens infestations (the correlation between model predictions and outcomes was 0.59), thus allowing time for effective control measures to be implemented.Keywords Nilaparvata lugens · Windborne insect migration · Atmospheric circulation · Rice pests · Planthopper risk prediction · Western Pacific subtropical high-pressure system Key message• East Asia has experienced a resurgence of serious rice planthopper outbreaks in recent years. In one of the worst-affected areas, the Lower Yangtze Valley of China, the number and timing of brown planthopper immigrants from further south has a major influence on the risk of local outbreaks.• Here we show how seasonal outbreak risk can be predicted from indices of the intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high-pressure system, a major atmospheric circulation system that drives the synoptic weather patterns affecting planthopper immigration.Communicated by V. Gagic. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (https ://doi

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Mass seasonal bioflows of high-flying insect migrants

Cited by 304 publications

References 46 publications

Application of lidar remote sensing of insects in agricultural entomology on the Chinese scene

Application of lidar remote sensing of insects in agricultural entomology on the Chinese scene

Back to Africa: autumn migration of the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui is timed to coincide with an increase in resource availability

Long-term seasonal forecasting of a major migrant insect pest: the brown planthopper in the Lower Yangtze River Valley

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