Mass Spectra of CuCl, CuBr, and CuI

Rosenstock, H. M.; Sites, J. R.; Walton, Jay R.; Baldock, R.

doi:10.1063/1.1741902

Cited by 53 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To form the active species involving NMI coordination, the cuprous halides would undergo dissociation involving partial cleavage of the halide bridges in the polymers. During the process, charged small fragments and mononuclear species may form, [ 34 ] which would be detected by measuring electric conductivity. In other words, electric conductivity could be employed as an indicator to examine how fast the dissociation proceeded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The superiority of cuprous chloride to iodide in the selective aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols at ambient temperature

Xiao

Zhong

et al. 2021

Applied Organom Chemis

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Cuprous halides, best described as (CuX)n (X = Cl−, Br−, and I−) in their solid state, catalyse selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols with the assistance of both NMI (N‐methylimidazole) and TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl), and the iodide generally demonstrates the highest activity, for example, in the oxidation of 1‐octanol at ambient temperature under 24 h' reaction. However, in the aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols, the chloride showed superiority to the iodide in that the aerobic oxidation was quantitatively completed within 3 h at ambient temperature whereas the iodide showed only about half the activity of the chloride analogue. By probing the system using electrochemistry, electric conductivity, and 1H NMR titration, it was revealed that the surprising anomaly was due to the difference in the rate of forming active species, [Cu (NMI)2X(MeCN)], from the polymeric solid in a two‐stage process. Substrates expansion of 11 benzylic alcohols indicated that CuCl/NMI/TEMPO system demonstrated quantitative conversion of benzylic alcohols into corresponding aldehydes within 3 h and showed great tolerance to the substituents on the phenyl ring of the substrates. Furthermore, electron‐withdrawing substituent was beneficial to the oxidation and could offset the steric effect at orthro‐substituent. Such a behaviour suggested that in the catalysis, increasing the acidity of the hydroxyl group (OH) of the substrates could ease the oxidation, which implied that the deprotonation via an internal pathway might be one of the rate‐determining steps. Our results also showed that the anion halide participated actively in the catalysis by coordinating to Cu(I) in the active species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the solid dissolved in acetonitrile to form small fragments under solvation, some of which were charged. [ 34 ] The charged components contributed to the observed conductivity. The extent and rate of the dissociation depended highly on the polarity of the Cu–X bond, which is of the order, Cu–Cl > Cu–Br > Cu–I.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The superiority of cuprous chloride to iodide in the selective aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols at ambient temperature

Xiao

Zhong

et al. 2021

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…We note that the mass spectra of CuI evaporated at 500 °C (vapor was ionized with 75 eV electrons) were reported, showing that the most frequent species are trimers,

C {normalu}_{3} {normalI}_{3}^{+}

and

C {normalu}_{3} {normalI}_{2}^{+}

. The temperature dependent vapor pressure of the three CuI phases is given in Ref.…”

Section: Cui Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cuprous iodide - a p-type transparent semiconductor: history and novel applications

Grundmann

Schein

Lorenz

et al. 2013

Phys. Status Solidi A

253

313

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Halide semiconductors stand at the very beginning of semiconductor science and technology. CuI was reported as the first transparent conductor, and the first field effect transistor was made from KBr. Although halogens are frequently used in semiconductor preparation, little use is currently made from halide semiconductors in electronics and photonics. We review past reports on the metal halide semiconductor CuI and related alloys and discuss recent progress with regard to this material including its use in organic electronics and solar cells as well as our own work on fully transparent bipolar heterostructure diodes (p‐CuI/n‐ZnO) with high rectification of several 107 and ideality factors down to 1.5. γ‐CuI(111) thin film on glass (1 × 1 cm2) and IV‐characteristics of p‐CuI/n‐ZnO/a‐Al2O3 bipolar heterojunction diode.

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“…The most stable molecular form of gaseous copper chloride at magmatic temperatures is CuC1 [Murata, 1960;Symonds et al, 1987;Quisefit et al, 1989], whereas the formation of a trimer (CuC1)3 should be considered at lower temperatures [Rosenstock et al, 1955;Symonds et al, 1987]. Since the vapor pressure of CuC1 is by orders of magnitude higher than that of Cu2S [Wedepohl, 1969], the vapor transport of Cu as a sulfide is assumed unimportant.…”

Section: Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectric charging of ultrafine volcanic aerosols: Detection of Cu(I) as a tracer of chlorides in magmatic gases

Ammann¹,

Hauert²,

Burtscher³

et al. 1993

J. Geophys. Res.

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Volcanic gases contain ultrafine aerosol particles in the nanometer size range; typical concentrations are 105 to 106 cm−3. Photoelectric charging of particles (PCP) is an in situ method for the material specific detection of very small particles in a gas. Field studies at degassing lava flows of Mount Etna, Sicily, and Kilauea, Hawaii, show that the chemistry of the ultrafine aerosols depends strongly on the degassing state of the lava. Heating of a relatively undegassed lava sample in the laboratory reveals the chemical nature of the particles that form by nucleation and condensation in the cooling gas. In the initial stages of degassing, the particles are mainly NaCl and KCl nanocrystals that contain iron oxide and copper chloride. Cu is in the monovalent state, which is stable even in an oxidizing environment due to a redox mechanism with the Fe ions. The fraction of Cu(I) in the aerosols is determined by PCP. The evolution of the Cu(I) fraction is considered an effective tracer of chlorides in the magmatic gases and thereby of magma degassing. The PCP technique allows a fingerprint to be obtained of the magmatic gas by an aerosol measurement in the diluted plume.

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Mass Spectra of CuCl, CuBr, and CuI

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

The superiority of cuprous chloride to iodide in the selective aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols at ambient temperature

The superiority of cuprous chloride to iodide in the selective aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols at ambient temperature

Cuprous iodide - a p-type transparent semiconductor: history and novel applications

Photoelectric charging of ultrafine volcanic aerosols: Detection of Cu(I) as a tracer of chlorides in magmatic gases

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