Mass spectrometric characterization of halogenated flame retardants

Guo, Tao; LaBelle, Bruce; Petreas, Myrto; Park, June-Soo

doi:10.1002/rcm.6588

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(118 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the utilization of these halogen-contained fire retardants will produce dense smoke and corrosive hydrogen halide, which do great harm to the environmental and public safety. 11,12 Therefore, halogen-free fire retardants have become more popular to improve the fire retardancy of polymers. [13][14][15] Among the halogen-free fire retardants, phosphorus-based fire retardants have been found to produce less toxic gases and smoke than the halogen-contained fire retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Originally, halogen‐contained fire retardants such as brominated compounds are the most common fillers to improve the fire retardancy of polymers. However, the utilization of these halogen‐contained fire retardants will produce dense smoke and corrosive hydrogen halide, which do great harm to the environmental and public safety . Therefore, halogen‐free fire retardants have become more popular to improve the fire retardancy of polymers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smoke suppression properties of epoxy crosslinked structure and intumescent fire retardant in epoxy‐based intumescent fire‐retardant coating

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article, the smoke production behaviors of crosslinked epoxy/polyamide resin (EP/PA) and intumescent fire retardant (IFR) in epoxy‐based intumescent fire‐retardant coating (IFR‐EP) have been investigated using cone calorimeter, smoke density instrument, and thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurement. The static and dynamic smoke production behaviors of EP/PA and IFR‐EP indicate that the IFR has an excellent smoke suppression effect on EP/PA by forming protective char layer in the late combustion stage, while the epoxy crosslinked structure in IFR‐EP can enhance the thermal stability and reduce smoke production in the early combustion stage. In addition, according to the discussion of pyrolysis gas products, the IFR can effectively suppress the production of toxic and inflammable gases during the combustion process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43912.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke suppression properties of epoxy crosslinked structure and intumescent fire retardant in epoxy‐based intumescent fire‐retardant coating

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Determination of halogenated flame retardants by GC-API-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS: a multi-compound multi-matrix method

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extensive application of halogenated flame retardants has led to their widespread distribution in the environment. Recently, concerns emerged regarding their potential persistence, (bio)accumulation, and/or toxicity. Particularly halogenated flame retardants based on norbornene structures, like Dechlorane Plus as well as other brominated PBDE replacements, generically called emerging, novel, or alternative flame retardants, are in the focus of interest. A comprehensive analytical method for the determination of 21 halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) of different substance classes (dechloranes, brominated aromates, brominated ethers, cyclic BFR) in a broad variety of matrices (tree leaves, fish fillet, birds eggs, suspended particles) was developed in order to assess their environmental levels as well as temporal trends, especially for the use within environmental specimen banks (ESBs). In addition to the alternative HFRs, a set of 24 PBDEs were measured in the same samples, however using GC-EI-MS for detection. Samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with dichloromethane:hexane (exception: soxhlet extraction for suspended particles) followed by a multi column clean-up. Quantification was performed by API-GC-MS/MS as a modern, gentle, and sensitive technique for simultaneous detection of compounds throughout a wide range of masses and fragmentation characteristics (exception: PBDE detection using GC-EI-MS). With the exception of BDE 209, instrumental precisions of target compounds ranged from 1% to 16 % (at levels of 2 pg injection for HFR, 20 pg injection for DBDPE, 7-36 pg injection for PBDEs). Interday precisions of the entire analytical method including extraction and clean-up were mostly below 25% for all validation matrices at spiked levels of 100 pg sample for HFR (DBDPE: 1000 pg sample) and 1200-6000 pg sample for PBDEs. The majority of analytes were investigated with expanded measurement uncertainties of less than 50%. Graphical abstract A new approach to HFR analysis in multiple environmental matrices.

show abstract

Levels of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether brominated flame retardants in residential house dust samples and fire station dust samples in California

Brown

Whitehead

Park

et al. 2014

Environmental Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eleven novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were analyzed in dust samples from California homes as a part of the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) and from the living quarters of California fire stations as a part of the Firefighter Occupational Exposure (FOX) study using high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The eleven NBFRs, were: α- and β-1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (α- and β-DBE-DBCH), 2-bromoallyl 2,3,6-tribromophenylether (BATE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (TBP-DBPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP), and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE). Six of the seven NBFRs that are produced in relatively small quantities (i.e., α−, β−DBE-DBCH, BATE, PBEB, PBT, TBP-DBPE) were measured close to or below the limit of quantitation (0.64 ng/g) in both the NCCLS and FOX samples, and the seventh, HBB, was measured at median concentrations of 1.85 ng/g and 9.40 ng/g in the NCCLS and FOX samples, respectively. The remaining four NBFRs, EH-TBB, BEH-TEBP, BTBPE, and DBDPE, are produced in higher quantities, and were detected at median concentrations of 337 ng/g, 186 ng/g, 22.3, ng/g, and 82.8 ng/g, respectively in the NCCLS samples, and at median concentrations of 2687 ng/g, 2076 ng/g, 28.4 ng/g, and 161 ng/g, respectively, in the FOX samples. Concentrations of NBFRs in the NCCLS and FOX dust samples were several times lower than concentrations of PBDEs previously measured in the same samples. Concentrations of NBFRs in the NCCLS and FOX dust samples were generally comparable to concentrations of NBFRs in other studies of house dust from the US and Canada.

show abstract

Mass spectrometric characterization of halogenated flame retardants

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Smoke suppression properties of epoxy crosslinked structure and intumescent fire retardant in epoxy‐based intumescent fire‐retardant coating

Smoke suppression properties of epoxy crosslinked structure and intumescent fire retardant in epoxy‐based intumescent fire‐retardant coating

Determination of halogenated flame retardants by GC-API-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS: a multi-compound multi-matrix method

Levels of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether brominated flame retardants in residential house dust samples and fire station dust samples in California

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About