2006
DOI: 10.1002/mas.20107
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Mass spectrometry in sports drug testing: Structure characterization and analytical assays

Abstract: Owing to the sensitive, selective, and unambiguous nature of mass spectrometric analyses, chromatographic techniques interfaced to various kinds of mass spectrometers have become the most frequently employed strategy in the fight against doping. To obtain utmost confidence in analytical assays, mass spectrometric characterization of target analytes and typical dissociation pathways have been utilized as basis for the development of reliable and robust screening as well as confirmation procedures. Methods for q… Show more

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Cited by 177 publications
(141 citation statements)
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“…As can be seen in Table 2, the accurate mass measurements for these two peaks (109.0648 and 97.0644) corresponded to the formulas C 7 H 9 O and C 6 H 9 O, respectively (mass errors less than 1 mDa). These ions are characteristic for 3-oxo-4-ene anabolic steroids and have been described for several related compounds (Williams et al, 1999;Thevis and Schänzer, 2007).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 70%
“…As can be seen in Table 2, the accurate mass measurements for these two peaks (109.0648 and 97.0644) corresponded to the formulas C 7 H 9 O and C 6 H 9 O, respectively (mass errors less than 1 mDa). These ions are characteristic for 3-oxo-4-ene anabolic steroids and have been described for several related compounds (Williams et al, 1999;Thevis and Schänzer, 2007).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 70%
“…This drug-testing paradigm was introduced in the 1960s (Table 1) and has since been remarkably successful in the detection of substances that are not naturally produced by the body, such as stimulants, narcotics, ␤2-agonists, and diuretics. This success is largely attributed to the use of chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry techniques that have revolutionized the detection of a large number of compounds (2 ).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The development of suitable analytical techniques for the characterization and analysis of steroids has been on-going for several decades. Mass spectrometry combined with chromatographic techniques has become very popular owing to its sensitivity and selectivity [9]. The analysis of steroids has been carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [17][18][19], electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [20][21][22][23][24], atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) [25], matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) [26][27][28], and immunoassay [29].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The analysis of steroids has been carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [17][18][19], electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [20][21][22][23][24], atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) [25], matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) [26][27][28], and immunoassay [29]. Although GC-MS approaches are highly sensitive, they have some limitations due to the need for multistep derivatization procedures for these thermally-labile compounds, especially those that contain large numbers of hydroxyl groups [9,30,31]. In recent years, ESI-MS has been widely used for steroid analysis [32][33][34].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%