Mass sum rules of the electron in quantum electrodynamics

Rodini, Simone; Metz, Andreas; Pasquini, B.

doi:10.1007/jhep09(2020)067

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Nonetheless, no matter how one chooses to cut the pie, a very large fraction of the proton's mass emerges as a dynamical consequence of strong interactions within QCD. There are also recent theoretical development on the renormalization and decomposition of the EMT trace [287][288][289], and also the numerical results for the QED and QCD cases [290][291][292].…”

Section: Proton Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-ion collider in China

et al. 2021

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Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a polarization of ∼80%) and protons (with a polarization of ∼70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2–3) × 1033 cm−2 · s−1. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC.The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.

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Section: Proton Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-ion collider in China

et al. 2021

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“…the Lorentz-invariant expression of the rest-frame energy. 6 A mass decomposition is therefore a proper energy decomposition. Using eq.…”

Section: Proper Energy Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Let us rather focus on another refinement. Since quarks are massive particles we can write [5][6][7]…”

Section: Proper Energy Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…quark mass) from the kinetic and potential energies. A three-term decomposition of T 00 of this form has been discussed recently, along with the corresponding renormalized operators in dimensional regularization (DR) in minimal-subtraction-type (MS) schemes [6,7].…”

Section: Jhep11(2021)121 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While agreeing with the mathematical aspects of refs. [5][6][7], it is claimed in [8] that the two-term and three-term energy decompositions miss "some fundamental insight on the origin of the nucleon mass", namely the role played by the trace anomaly. A key step to obtain a four-term energy decomposition is to separate the EMT into traceless and trace parts, motivated by the fact that these two parts do not mix under Lorentz transformations and hence under renormalization.…”

Section: Jhep11(2021)121 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium

Lorcé

Metz

Pasquini

et al. 2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We review and examine in detail recent developments regarding the question of the nucleon mass decomposition. We discuss in particular the virial theorem in quantum field theory and its implications for the nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium. We reconsider the renormalization of the QCD energy-momentum tensor in minimal-subtraction-type schemes and the physical interpretation of its components, as well as the role played by the trace anomaly and Poincaré symmetry. We also study the concept of “quantum anomalous energy” proposed in some works as a new contribution to the nucleon mass. Examining the various arguments, we conclude that the quantum anomalous energy is not a genuine contribution to the mass sum rule, as a consequence of translation symmetry.

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A note on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors

Ahmed

Chen

Czakon

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We discuss the constraints on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors in QCD that follow from the requirement of Renormalisation-Group invariance of the traces of these operators. Our study covers the most general form of the latter traces, while the energy-momentum tensors themselves are only subjected to very mild constraints. We derive Renormalisation-Group equations for the two finite independent functions of the strong coupling constant and renormalisation scale of minimal subtraction which completely define the energy-momentum tensors. We demonstrate that previously proposed definitions of the renormalized quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors are special cases of our results assuming no explicit dependence on the renormalisation scale. Finally, we present $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$ MS ¯ -renormalised quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors at four-loop order.

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Mass sum rules of the electron in quantum electrodynamics

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Electron-ion collider in China

Electron-ion collider in China

Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium

A note on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors

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