Mass Tourism vs Alternative Tourism? Challenges and New Positionings

Theng, Sopheap; Qiong, Xiao; Tătar, Corina

doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7708

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The concept of ADTOT was developed in a reaction and criticism to ‘mass tourism’ and as a result of the sustainability debate of the 1980s. The model of mass tourism is characterised by the ‘extreme concentration of tourists in one place’ particularly in renowned international tourist destinations and limits the fair distribution of tourism revenues and economic benefits in rural communities where poverty is endemic (Theng et al, 2015: 2). However, the ADTOT focuses on cultural, environmental protection and social benefits of heritage, and the involvement of the local communities to optimise the economic welfares of the tourist host communities.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing sustainable tourism through public-private partnership to alleviate poverty in Ghana

Deladem¹,

Xiao²,

Siueia

et al. 2020

Tourist Studies

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Encouraging sustainable tourism is an essential aspect of driving economic growth, social responsibility and safeguarding the ecology. This study, therefore, aimed at examining how Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in sustainable tourism development helps eradicate poverty in tourism host communities. A qualitative design was employed by using a semi-structured interview to collect primary data from experts from diverse backgrounds using both purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The findings were thematically analysed and discussed by focusing on general issues related to sustainable tourism and how PPP implementation in the tourism sector has impacted on the economic, social and environmental conditions of the tourism destination areas in Ghana. The findings indicate that the potential of PPP development for long-term economic infrastructural needs of tourism destination have not been sufficiently realized. We suggest that the sole involvement of the private sector and a poor commitment from government has led to a failure to create enough jobs to improve prosperity among the local people in these tourism host communities. Nonetheless, PPP development and implementation have improved the preservation of traditional values, cultural heritage and inter-cultural tolerance in the tourism destination areas. As a result, tourism host communities have seen a positive impact on intercultural interaction, business activities, entrepreneurial development and economic empowerment to eradicate poverty in the host communities. Commitment and the poor involvement of the tourism host communities can have long-term negative effects on poverty eradication in the locales.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing sustainable tourism through public-private partnership to alleviate poverty in Ghana

Deladem¹,

Xiao²,

Siueia

et al. 2020

Tourist Studies

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“…Almost all respondents did not identify the occurrence of violence (94.3%); the reports identified were related to "discussions about excessive drinking with residents and/or among tourists" (Interviewees 7,27,70,104) and "Discussion because of refusal to take the fee for the community" (Interviewees 113, 114) and sexual exploitation (99.2%) related to tourism in the communities (Table 6). For 86.1% of respondents, the government did not invest in infrastructure improvements to encourage tourism (Table 6).…”

Section: Perception Of the Social And Political Impacts Of Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative tourism incorporates all stakeholders′ long-term interest and the quality of the phenomenon, considering local human communities, their environment, and natural resources [2]. It can be divided into categories such as, among others, nature tourism, ecotourism, rural tourism, community-based tourism, agrotourism, voluntary tourism, responsible tourism, geotourism, adventure tourism, soft tourism, sustainable tourism, small-scale tourism, green tourism, integrated tourism, cultural tourism, and creative tourism [2][3][4][5][6][7], with alternative purposes to the most undesired type of tourism, which is mass tourism or conventional/traditional tourism, with characteristics and approaches for developing harmonic and sustainable tourism [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Tourism and Environmental Impacts: Perception of Residents of an Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazonia

et al. 2021

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Alternative tourism (AT) contributes to conservation, valuing the environment and recipient cultures with minimal impact, especially in protected areas. In this context, this article identified, considering the residents′ perception, the possible environmental impacts resulting from alternative tourism in communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RESEX), Brazilian Amazonia. Thus, between February and April 2019 a semi-structured interview was conducted with 122 residents of three communities of RESEX (Anã, Maripá, and São Miguel). The interview script was divided into three groups of questions: (i) interviewee data, (ii) socioeconomic data, and (iii) perception of the concept and environmental impacts of alternative tourism. We used a snowball sampling method, which consists of a form of a non-probabilistic sample. The majority (91.8%) of the informants did not know how to explain the concept of alternative tourism; however, for 87.7% of them, this tourism does not generate negative impacts. Income is the most used expression (53%) by RESEX residents to demonstrate what alternative tourism positively impacts. About 74.6% of respondents reported that tourists do not influence local customs change, and 94.3% do not identify tourism-related violence. Finally, 89.3% say that tourists do not pollute the environments. The research carried out in this Conservation Unit deserves the attention of decision-makers, managers, technicians, and researchers. It provides subsidies for management programs to provide real bases for the analysis, interpretation, and planning of sustainable tourist spaces.

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“…Beyond, or together, alternative tourism approaches are proposed for counteracting conventional/mass tourism with inclusiveness. The dilemmas associated with mass tourism opened the search for alternative tourism types that have a different relationship with the environment and society and are more sustainable and ethical (Theng et al 2015). It is understood that conventional mass tourism "reflects primarily the needs and values of capitalism, and an alternative tourism discourse has thus emerged that has sought in various ways to resist reinforcing existing patterns of power in and through a tourism industry owned and controlled by powerful interests" (Deville et al 2016).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Conventional to Alternative Tourism: Rebalancing Tourism towards a Community-Based Tourism Approach in Hanoi, Vietnam

Giampiccoli

Mtapuri

2021

Social Sciences

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This article proposes an alternative tourism development approach that we have termed ‘rebalancing’, which is based on tourism development adopting Community-based Tourism (CBT) principles and characteristics whose hallmark is to give local control of the tourism sector to disadvantaged members of society. The article is based on extant literature and uses Hanoi as a case study to articulate the role of CBT against a backdrop of the growth and presence of large international hotel chains in Hanoi following the adoption of the Doi Moi policy. The increase in international hotel chains poses a high risk of an increase in leakages. The accommodation sub-sector and food sector are essential in tourism in Hanoi, as they are elsewhere. These provide small businesses the opportunity to participate in the name of inclusivity, empowerment, and poverty alleviation. For the authenticity of Hanoi and respecting its traditions and values, we propose a model of growth for Hanoi that includes food street vendors alongside large international hotel chains, large national (privately owned) hotels (nationally/locally owned), small independent national hotels (locally owned), bed and breakfast/guesthouse (locally owned), backpackers (locally owned), homestay (locally owned), ‘Albergo Diffuso’ (locally owned), LCBT accommodation (locally owned), CBT (Independently owned structures under an umbrella organization), and CBT (community-owned structures). It also suggests the retention of traditional architecture for the diversity and uniqueness of Hanoi. It recommends that the government should not promulgate legislation and policies that attempt to limit the scope of food street vending but rather empower food street vendors to grow and prosper. This should be done alongside specific legislation that sets minimum standards related to hygiene on the streets for inclusive growth and poverty alleviation.

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Mass Tourism vs Alternative Tourism? Challenges and New Positionings

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Developing sustainable tourism through public-private partnership to alleviate poverty in Ghana

Developing sustainable tourism through public-private partnership to alleviate poverty in Ghana

Alternative Tourism and Environmental Impacts: Perception of Residents of an Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazonia

From Conventional to Alternative Tourism: Rebalancing Tourism towards a Community-Based Tourism Approach in Hanoi, Vietnam

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