Massilia putida sp. nov., a dimethyl disulfide-producing bacterium isolated from wolfram mine tailing

Abstract

A heavy metal-resistant and dimethyl disulfide-producing bacterial strain, designated 6NM-7 T , was isolated from wolfram mine tailing, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, PR China. Strain 6NM-7 T was aerobic, Gram-stain-negative and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain 6NM-7 T was affiliated with the genus Massilia and was closely related to Massilia norwichensis LMG 28164 T (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Massilia kyonggiensis KACC 17471 T (98.4 %), Massilia niastensis KACC 12599 T (97.8 %), Massilia tieshanensis KACC 14940 T (97.3 %), Massilia haematophila KACC 13771 T (97.2 %), Massilia namucuonensis CGMCC 1.11014 T (97.1 %) and Massilia aerilata KACC 12505 T (97.1 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain 6NM-7 T and its closely related type strains were all below 70 %. The major respiratory quinone was unbiquinone 8 (Q-8) and the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C 16 : 0 (33.2 %), summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH; 21.8 %), C 17 : 0 cyclo (20.8 %), C 18 : 1 v7c (7.4 %) and C 10 : 0 3-OH (5.8 %). The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 6NM-7 T was 66.8¡0.6 mol%. On the basis of the results of this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain 6NM-7 T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia putida sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 6NM-7 T (5DSM 27523 T 5KCTC 42761 T ).The genus Massilia was first described by La Scola et al. (1998) and more than 25 species have been reported (http://www.bacterio.net/massilia.html), including the recently described species, Massilia arvi (Singh et al., 2015), Massilia eurypsychrophila (Shen et al., 2015) and Massilia norwichensis (Orthová et al., 2015). Members of the genus Massilia are characterized by Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile rods with Q-8 as major reparatory quinone. In this paper, we reported a novel species of the genus Massilia, which can produce dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). As methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) is a potent ozone depletor and scheduled to be phased out by all countries in 2015 (Dugravot et al., 2003), DMDS has been recommended as an alternative fumigant to control high infestation levels of soil-borne pathogens, nematodes and weeds (Coosemans, 2005;Fritsch, 2005;Heller et al., 2009). In addition, DMDS-producing microbes have the potential to be used for controlling plant foliar diseases and promoting plant growth by enhancing the availability of reduced sulfur (Huang et al., 2012; Meldau et al., 2013). To our knowledge, rarely have novel species been reported to produce DMDS. Strain 6NM-7 T was isolated from a wolfram mine tailing sample from Dayu County (1148 209 060 E 258 279 370 N), Jiangxi Province, PR China. The total Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations of the tailing sample were 198.9, 149.4, 340.4, and 9.3 mg kg 21 , respectively, and the pH was 6.95. Isolat...

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