Massisteria marina Larsen &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Patterson 1990, a widespread and abundant bacterivorous protist associated with marine detritus

Patterson, D. J.; Fenchel, Tom

doi:10.3354/meps062011

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The recent suggestions that the foraminifera may be related to the flagellated marine protist Massisteria marina (bearing branching, granulose pseudopodia) (19,30) are in agreement with our phylogenetic placement of the foraminifera. Finally, the shared characteristics between heterokaryotic foraminifera and karyorelict ciliates (e.g., nuclear dimorphism) suggest a common eukaryotic ancestor with flagellar-based motility (31).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Origin of the foraminifera.

Wray

Langer²,

DeSalle³

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We report nuclear small-subunit rDNA sequences for two species of the benthic foraminifer Ammonia. Because of their abundance in present and past seas, the foraminifera are a very important group of organisms used in a wide range of geologic studies; however, the ancestry of this group was, until now, unknown. Difficulties in purifying foraminiferal DNA and avoiding PCR contamination led us to develop DNA.DNA in situ hybridization techniques to verify our sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis of verified foraminiferal DNA sequence indicates these taxa are a divergent, "alveolate" lineage, within the major eukaryotic radiation. Our findings cast doubt upon the assumption that all foraminifera are derived from an amoebalike ancestor. Cytological features and the DNA sequences presented herein suggest that the foraminifera were derived from a heterokaryotic flagellated marine protist, probably sometime in the later Proterozoic.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Origin of the foraminifera.

Wray

Langer²,

DeSalle³

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…2), C. elegans and H. cf. spinifera branch between Gymnophrys cometa and Massisteria marina, two amoeboid flagellates that possess complex life cycles, including both a biflagellate and an amoeboid stage similar to that of Desmothoracida (48,(50)(51)(52). Actin analyses support the inclusion of desmothoracids within Cercozoa (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes

Nikolaev

Berney²,

Fahrni³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

225

144

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Recent molecular phylogenetic studies revealed the extraordinary diversity of single-celled eukaryotes. However, the proper assessment of this diversity and accurate reconstruction of the eukaryote phylogeny are still impeded by the lack of molecular data for some major groups of easily identifiable and cultivable protists. Among them, amoeboid eukaryotes have been notably absent from molecular phylogenies, despite their diversity, complexity, and abundance. To partly fill this phylogenetic gap, we present here combined small-subunit ribosomal RNA and actin sequence data for the three main groups of ''Heliozoa'' (Actinophryida, Centrohelida, and Desmothoracida), the heliozoan-like Sticholonche, and the radiolarian group Polycystinea. Phylogenetic analyses of our sequences demonstrate the polyphyly of heliozoans, which branch either as an independent eukaryotic lineage (Centrohelida), within stramenopiles (Actinophryida), or among cercozoans (Desmothoracida), in broad agreement with previous ultrastructure-based studies. Our data also provide solid evidence for the existence of the Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of mainly amoeboid eukaryotes that includes desmothoracid heliozoans, all radiolarians, Sticholonche, and foraminiferans, as well as various filose and reticulose amoebae and some flagellates.

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“…The question remains as to how some organisms, particularly cosmopolitan species, are able to tolerate and survive under vent conditions. This is especially true for microorganisms like the flagellated protists that arrive in the deep sea on sinking particulate matter (Silver & Alldredge 1981, Patterson & Fenchel 1990) and have been shown to be members of deep-sea benthos (Burnett 1977, Turley et al 1988) and deep-sea vent microenvironments (Atkins et al 1998(Atkins et al , 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of flagellated protists to high sulfide and metal concentrations potentially encountered at deep-sea hydrothermal vent

Atkins

Hanna²,

Kupetsky³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The survival rates of 3 species of deep-sea hydrothermal vent flagellates were measured after exposure to chemical conditions potentially encountered in vent environments. The survival rates, measured as viability through time, of Caecitellus parvulus, Cafeteria sp. and Rhynchomonas nasuta were determined and compared to shallow-water strains of the same species after exposure to increasing concentrations of sulfide or the metals Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Responses were variable but in all cases these flagellates showed very high tolerance to extreme conditions. Cafeteria spp. were remarkable in that both strains showed 100% viability after a 24 h exposure to 30 mM sulfide under anoxic conditions. By contrast, the highest naturally occurring sulfide concentrations ever measured are only 18 to 20 mM. There was little effect from metals at concentrations up to 10 -3 M total metal, but a sharp decrease in viability occurred between 10 -3 and 10 -2 M total metal, due either to a rapid increase in the availability of free metal ions or colloid formation or both. This study is consistent with other previously reported studies that indicate these flagellate species are present and capable of being active members of the microbial food webs at deep-sea vents. KEY WORDS:Flagellate · Survival · Hydrogen sulfide · Metals · Hydrothermal vent · Extreme environment 226: 63-75, 2002 Hydrothermal vents are comprised of some of the most extreme environments on Earth. Vent fluids are hotter, more acidic and enriched with metals and dissolved gasses than the surrounding seawater (Table 1). Characterized by very steep physical and chemical gradients between vent fluids and seawater, vent fields may rival the abiotic environments characteristic of other planets. Still, life occurs at vents in abundance. The question remains as to how some organisms, particularly cosmopolitan species, are able to tolerate and survive under vent conditions. This is especially true for microorganisms like the flagellated protists that arrive in the deep sea on sinking particulate matter (Silver & Alldredge 1981, Patterson & Fenchel 1990 and have been shown to be members of deep-sea benthos (Burnett 1977, Turley et al. 1988) and deep-sea vent microenvironments (Atkins et al. 1998(Atkins et al. , 2000. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog SerThe present study determined the effects of both sulfide (H 2 S, HS -and S 2 -) and metals, at concentrations approaching those found in end-member fluids emanating from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, on ubiquitous species of flagellates isolated from these environments. End-member vent fluid concentrations of transition metal species are enriched several orders of magnitude relative to average seawater (Seyfried & Mottl 1995), and sulfide concentrations may reach several millimolar (Table 1). Among protists, sulfide tolerance has been studied mostly in ciliates from natural environments with concentrations much lower than vent fluids (Bick & Kunze 1971, Matsu...

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Massisteria marina Larsen &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Patterson 1990, a widespread and abundant bacterivorous protist associated with marine detritus

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Origin of the foraminifera.

Origin of the foraminifera.

The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes

Tolerance of flagellated protists to high sulfide and metal concentrations potentially encountered at deep-sea hydrothermal vent

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