Massive Cryptosporidium infections and chronic diarrhea in HIV-negative patients

Pielok, Łukasz; Nowak, S; Kłudkowska, Matylda; Frąckowiak, Krystyna; Kuszel, Łukasz; Zmora, Paweł; Stefaniak, Jerzy

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06302-0

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In addition to the high heterogeneity of the data found in the literature on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in PLHIV, there are discrepancies regarding the most common species that cause infection in this population. Most studies report C. hominis as the most prevalent species [ 13 , 36 , 39 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], while in other studies C. parvum is the most frequent [ 16 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. This discrepancy does not appear to be associated with a geographical distribution, since both groups of reports include studies carried out on three or four continents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

Betancourth

Archaga

Moncada³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is caused by the Apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium spp., and mainly affects children and immunocompromised people, in whom it can pose a serious threat to their health, or even be life threatening. In Honduras, there are no data on parasite species or on molecular diversity or Cryptosporidium subtypes. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2019 and March 2020 for the molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in 102 patients living with HIV who attended a national hospital in Tegucigalpa. Stool samples were analyzed by direct microscopy, acid-fast stained smears, and a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic test. All samples that tested positive were molecularly analyzed to identify the species and subtype of the parasite using three different markers: gp60, cowp, and 18Sr. PCR products were also sequenced. Four out of 102 samples (3.92%) were positive for Cryptosporidiumparvum, and all were assigned to subtype IIa. These findings suggest a possible zoonotic transmission in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

Betancourth

Archaga

Moncada³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…Later, Cryptosporidium infection prevalence was seen to be on the rise among malnourished children and a cause of premature death in low-resource settings (5)(6)(7). Cryptosporidium is acquired mainly via contaminated water and the ingested oocysts cause gastrointestinal symptoms before being shed in the stool and transmitted to another host via the faecal-oral route (8). Cryptosporidiosis causes acute diarrhoea in children (9), immunocompromised patients (3), cancer patients (10) and haemodialysis patients (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of cryptosporidiosis in Jordan: a review

Zueter

2020

East Mediterr Health J.

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Background: Cryptosporidium is a waterborne intestinal parasite that causes diarrhoea in developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. Reports from Mediterranean countries have documented the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in children at various ages, also among cancer patients, and in cases of chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis, and organ transplant. Till now, modified-acid staining preceded by stool concentration preparation remains the leading screening diagnostic test of the infection. In Jordan, few studies for cryptosporidiosis have been performed during the last 3 decades. Aims: This paper reviewed the status of cryptosporidiosis in Jordan and tracked recent updates for this emerging protozoal infection among different population groups. Methods: In this study, an online search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords: Jordan, cryptosporidiosis and Cryptosporidium to inspect studies done on this parasite in Jordan. Results: Only 9 articles were identified from 1994 to 2019. These were analysed in terms of population group, demography, clinical history and the diagnostic tools used. Conclusion: Cryptosporidiosis is still neglected in Jordan as indicated by the low number of studies over the last 3 decades and the prevalence is diverse depending on the diagnostic test used and socioeconomic status.

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“…Cryptosporidium life cycle starts upon the ingestion of the oocysts that shed with the infected host's stool and can be transmitted to new hosts via the fecal-oral route [8]. Cryptosporidiosis is usually self-resolving in immunocompetent individuals; however, it might lead to life-threatening complications in immunocompromised patients [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis among Hemodialysis Patients in Jordan: First Preliminary Screening Surveillance

et al. 2019

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Few studies have reported the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among hemodialysis patients worldwide. Currently many molecular and immunological assays have been developed for the sensitive diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, but still, the microscopic detection of the parasitic infective stage (oocysts) in stool specimens using modified acid stain is regarded as a reliable sensitive technique which is widely used in many clinical labs. In the present study, a total of 133 stool samples were collected from hemodialysis patients and were screened for Cryptosporidium oocyst using formalin-ether concentration and modified acid-fast staining technique. Clinical and demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were recovered in 15/133 (11%) of the investigated hemodialysis patients. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 80 years (mean: 57.84 ± 12.22). Most of the Cryptosporidium-positive cases were recovered from males (73.7%) residing in rural villages in Irbid city (86.6%). The most repeatedly reported symptoms in the Cryptosporidium-positive patients were gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea (15%), nausea (24%), abdominal pain (23%) and bloating (17%), in addition to general fatigue (32%) and weight loss (19%). No statistically significant associations for certain clinical symptoms or risk factors were found. The present study is the first preliminary study in Jordan that provided a brief screening for the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among hemodialysis patients.

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Massive Cryptosporidium infections and chronic diarrhea in HIV-negative patients

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

First Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living with HIV in Honduras

The status of cryptosporidiosis in Jordan: a review

Cryptosporidiosis among Hemodialysis Patients in Jordan: First Preliminary Screening Surveillance

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