Mast Cell Phenotypes in the Allograft After Lung Transplantation.

Banga, Amit; Budev, Marie; Wang, X.; Hsieh, Fred H.

doi:10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.727

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These findings suggest a stepwise progression in the Af-CF host interaction altering MC activity. We speculate the following steps [5,8,[16][17][18][19]: (i) initial IgG downregulation of MC activity, followed by (ii) Af-induced, IgE-independent, chymase exocytosis inducing downregulation of IgE production and, finally (iii) IgG-IgE switch, sustained IgE production, loss of negative feedback mechanisms, and evidence for a classical loop of increased MC activity in the presence of increased IgE levels. The first step is illustrated in Af IgEpatients, the second in Af IgE+ LTx patients, and the third in Af IgE+ patients with native lungs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mast cell tryptase changes with Aspergillus fumigatus – Host crosstalk in cystic fibrosis patients

Gomez

Carsin

Gouitaa

et al. 2018

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis

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Pulmonary and systemic antifungal immunity influences quality of life and survival of people with cystic fibrosis. Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) induces specific IgG and IgE. Mast cells respond to IgE, IgG and direct interactions with Af. Mast cells are the source of the protease tryptase. We aimed at evaluating serum baseline tryptase as a potential biomarker of the Af-host interaction in cystic fibrosis patients. Serum baseline tryptase, IgE and IgG directed to Af extract and Af molecular allergens were measured in 76 cystic fibrosis patients. The main findings were (i) lower levels of serum baseline tryptase in patients displaying specific IgE to Af (p < 0.0001) and (ii) an association between tryptase levels and IgE or IgG responses to Af and ribotoxin (Asp f 1). These findings suggest that serum baseline tryptase is influenced by Af-host interactions and thus might be a marker for mast cell regulation and pulmonary immune defenses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mast cell tryptase changes with Aspergillus fumigatus – Host crosstalk in cystic fibrosis patients

Gomez

Carsin

Gouitaa

et al. 2018

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis

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“…Another study differentiated between subtypes of mast cells and found an increase in total number of mast cells and subtype mast cell tryptase‐chymase over time after transplantation, with more mast cell tryptase in stable LTR >6 months post‐transplant compared to before. Moreover, they noted an increase in mast cell tryptase‐chymase in CLAD patients versus stable LTR [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effector immune cells in chronic lung allograft dysfunction: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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“…Both tryptase and chymase are secreted by mast cells, and are known to be fibrogenic factors 25,26 . Interestingly, tryptase‐ and chymase‐positive mast cells are also increased in CLAD and other diseases with involvement of pulmonary fibrosis, 27–29 suggesting that both diseases have similar underlying biological processes. The increase of mast cells may also affect the relatively high occurrence of pulmonary embolisms in COVID‐19, as mast cells were found to induce thrombosis through activation of clotting factors and platelets 30,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of mast cells in COVID‐19 pneumonia may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and thrombosis

et al. 2022

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Aims Lung tissue from COVID‐19 patients shares similar histomorphological features with chronic lung allograft disease, also suggesting activation of autoimmune‐related pathways in COVID‐19. To more clearly understand the underlying spectrum of pathophysiology in COVID‐19 pneumonia, we analysed mRNA expression of autoimmune‐related genes in post‐mortem lung tissue from COVID‐19 patients. Methods and results Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded lung tissue samples of 18 COVID‐19 patients and eight influenza patients were used for targeted gene expression profiling using NanoString technology. Multiplex immunofluorescence for tryptase and chymase was applied for validation. Genes related to mast cells were significantly increased in COVID‐19. This finding was strengthened by multiplex immunofluorescence also showing a significant increase of tryptase‐ and chymase‐positive cells in COVID‐19. Furthermore, receptors for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) and pro‐platelet basic protein (PPBP) were up‐regulated in COVID‐19 compared to influenza. Genes associated with Type I interferon signalling showed a significant correlation to detected SARS‐CoV2 pathway‐related genes. The comparison of lung tissue samples from both groups based on the presence of histomorphological features indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome did not result in finding any specific gene or pathways. Conclusion Two separate means of measuring show a significant increase of mast cells in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected lung tissue compared to influenza. Additionally, several genes involved in fibrosis and thrombosis, among which are RAGE and PPBP, are up‐regulated in COVID‐19. As mast cells are able to induce thrombosis and fibrosis, they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19.

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Mast Cell Phenotypes in the Allograft After Lung Transplantation.

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Mast cell tryptase changes with Aspergillus fumigatus – Host crosstalk in cystic fibrosis patients

Mast cell tryptase changes with Aspergillus fumigatus – Host crosstalk in cystic fibrosis patients

Effector immune cells in chronic lung allograft dysfunction: A systematic review

Increase of mast cells in COVID‐19 pneumonia may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and thrombosis

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