2021
DOI: 10.1111/joac.12433
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Masters of the countryside and their enemies: Class dynamics of agrarian change in rural Java

Abstract: This paper scrutinizes class dynamics of agrarian change in rural Java. Updating the literature of agrarian change on the island in the 21st century, the study shows how the agrarian ruling class (capitalist farmers and landlords) and classes of labour in contemporary rural Java negotiate over wages and working conditions, mediated by a local institution called a “village meeting.” Apart from dominating the agrarian landscape, capitalist farmers and landlords also occupy powerful positions in non‐agricultural … Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 41 publications
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“…One way of approaching the question of agrarian class structure is by descriptively defining class in terms of production relations. This relatively more qualitative approach (Bernstein, 1979; Habibi, 2021; Oya, 2004; Zhang, 2015) builds a descriptive overview of the class dynamics in the countryside. Take, for instance, Bernstein's (1979) attempt to study the differentiation within the African peasantry.…”
Section: Observations On Existing Approaches and Rationale Of The Pro...mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…One way of approaching the question of agrarian class structure is by descriptively defining class in terms of production relations. This relatively more qualitative approach (Bernstein, 1979; Habibi, 2021; Oya, 2004; Zhang, 2015) builds a descriptive overview of the class dynamics in the countryside. Take, for instance, Bernstein's (1979) attempt to study the differentiation within the African peasantry.…”
Section: Observations On Existing Approaches and Rationale Of The Pro...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…He developed a classification using an instrument based on rural households' combination of market positions in four markets—land, labour, means of production and product. Later, Habibi (2021) extended Zhang's framework to locate farmer households in Java by adding land ownership/control and non‐agricultural occupations to Zhang's original four production relations. In all these studies, classes are defined as qualitatively distinct positions based on production and market relations prevalent in the countryside.…”
Section: Observations On Existing Approaches and Rationale Of The Pro...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Islamic populism can be explained by placing it in the development of class composition and relations or Bernstein (2010) calls it "class dynamics"in the countryside. Apart from the separation between the study of class composition and relations in agrarian studies (Habibi, 2021), the analysis of class composition must be continued with an analysis of class relations in the historical development of capitalism (Oya, 2004). The reason behind the need for sustainability is that class relations are not only concerned with the image of class but also how the class is experienced by society.…”
Section: Islamic Populism: An Agrarian Change Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From specific Indonesian experiences, we identify two problems in capitalist development trajectories, as explained by Ghosh and Meer (2002). First, capitalist development in Indonesia-the so-called agrarian question of capital-takes neither Russian nor American paths: neither the feudal large-scale landlord path nor that of small-scale landholding entrepreneurs who managed to advance as dominant capitalists (see Habibi, 2021b;White, 2018). Second, nor does it fit Bernstein's claim on the agrarian question of labor.…”
Section: Introduction: Urbanization Theory and The Agrarian Questionmentioning
confidence: 99%