Mate choice and courtship signal differentiation promotes speciation in an Amazonian frog

Guerra, Mónica A.; Ron, Santiago R.

doi:10.1093/beheco/arn098

Cited by 33 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, female choice experiments have shown that Engystomops clades A versus D [38], and C versus D [39] are behaviourally isolated from each other owing to call divergence, which is rarely demonstrated. Thus, the CCS would be considered unambiguous species based on biological, phylogenetic or evolutionary species concepts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus for Engystomops, we also measured: (i) dominant frequency of the prefix, and (ii) fundamental frequency at the beginning of the whine. Call variables and components are defined in B (29.9 ± 1.3 mm) E (27.3 ± 2.6 mm) Guerra & Ron [39]. Bioacoustic differentiation among candidate species was also analysed using PCA and DFA.…”

Section: (D) Analysis Of Morphological Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High levels of cryptic species diversity uncovered in Amazonian frogs

2011

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One of the greatest challenges for biodiversity conservation is the poor understanding of species diversity. Molecular methods have dramatically improved our ability to uncover cryptic species, but the magnitude of cryptic diversity remains unknown, particularly in diverse tropical regions such as the Amazon Basin. Uncovering cryptic diversity in amphibians is particularly pressing because amphibians are going extinct globally at an alarming rate. Here, we use an integrative analysis of two independent Amazonian frog clades, Engystomops toadlets and Hypsiboas treefrogs, to test whether species richness is underestimated and, if so, by how much. We sampled intensively in six countries with a focus in Ecuador (Engystomops: 252 individuals from 36 localities; Hypsiboas: 208 individuals from 65 localities) and combined mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, morphological, and bioacoustic data to detect cryptic species. We found that in both clades, species richness was severely underestimated, with more undescribed species than described species. In Engystomops, the two currently recognized species are actually five to seven species (a 150 -250% increase in species richness); in Hypsiboas, two recognized species represent six to nine species (a 200 -350% increase). Our results suggest that Amazonian frog biodiversity is much more severely underestimated than previously thought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (D) Analysis Of Morphological Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of cryptic species diversity uncovered in Amazonian frogs

2011

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“…Empirical evidence for character displacement in amphibians was found for an array of species (Blair 1955(Blair , 1974Littlejohn 1965Littlejohn , 1999Loftus-Hills & Littlejohn 1992;Gerhardt 1994a;Márquez & Bosch 1997;Pfennig 2000;Höbel & Gerhardt 2003;Pfennig & Pfennig 2005Hoskin et al 2005;Guerra & Ron 2008;Lemmon & Lemmon 2010;Richards-Zawacki & Cummings 2010;Rice & Pfennig 2010;Micancin & Wiley 2014;Jansen et al 2016a), but this process may not apply to all genera (Toledo et al 2015c). RCD in frogs regularly concerns acoustical signal traits related to mate finding and choice (e.g., temporal call parameters : Fouquette 1975 (Gerhardt & Huber 2002), or it can be an adaptation to diverging female preferences (Boul et al 2007).…”

Section: Character Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

Köhler

Jansen

Rodríguez³

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

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Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these sounds. Our focus is on advertisement calls, which serve as premating isolation mechanisms and, therefore, convey important taxonomic information. We provide recommendations for terminology of frog vocalizations, with call, note and pulse being the fundamental subunits to be used in descriptions and comparisons. However, due to the complexity and diversity of these signals, an unequivocal application of the terms call and note can be challenging. We therefore provide two coherent concepts that either follow a note-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units of sound as notes, and their entirety as call) or a call-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units as call whenever they are separated by long silent intervals) in terminology. Based on surveys of literature, we show that numerous call traits can be highly variable within and between individuals of one species. Despite idiosyncrasies of species and higher taxa, the duration of calls or notes, pulse rate within notes, and number of pulses per note appear to be more static within individuals and somewhat less affected by temperature. Therefore, these variables might often be preferable as taxonomic characters over call rate or note rate, which are heavily influenced by various factors. Dominant frequency is also comparatively static and only weakly affected by temperature, but depends strongly on body size. As with other taxonomic characters, strong call divergence is typically indicative of species-level differences, whereas call similarities of two populations are no evidence for them being conspecific. Taxonomic conclusions can especially be drawn when the general advertisement call structure of two candidate species is radically different and qualitative call differences are thus observed. On the other hand, quantitative differences in call traits might substantially vary within and among conspecific populations, and require careful evaluation and analysis. We provide guidelines for the taxonomic interpretation of advertisement call differences in sympatric and allopatric situations, and emphasize the need for an integrative use of multiple datasets (bio-acoustics, morphology, genetics), particularly for allopatric scenarios. We show that small-sized frogs often emit calls with frequency components in the ultrasound spectrum, although it is unlikely that these high frequencies are of biological relevance for the majority of them, and we illustrate that detection of upper harmonics depends also on recording distance because higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly. Bioacoustics remains a prime approach in integrative taxonomy of anurans if uncertainty due to possible intraspecific variation and technical artifacts is adequately considered and acknowledged.

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“…The nuances of variation in discrimination across populations remain poorly understood, at least in part because many studies have examined responsiveness in only a single population (e.g. Searcy et al 1997;Gray & Cade 2000;Grant & Grant 2002;Podos 2007;Reynolds & Fitzpatrick 2007;Guerra & Ron 2008;Johannesson et al 2008;Feulner et al 2009;Uy et al 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%