Mate limitation causes sexes to coevolve towards more similar dispersal kernels

Meier, Christoph M.; Starrfelt, Jostein

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19487.x

Cited by 24 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In reality, con-specific density and mating opportunities (hence, sex-ratio in interaction with the mating system) are likely to interact in determining dispersal behaviours. Sex-biased dispersal and sex-ratio can ecologically and evolutionary influence each other (Bonte et al 2009, Meier et al 2011, Nelson and Greeff 2011, with considerable consequences for species' rate of spread (Miller et al 2011, Miller andInouye 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic modelling of animal dispersal offers new insights into range expansion dynamics across fragmented landscapes

et al. 2014

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Understanding and predicting the dynamics of range expansion is a major topic in ecology both for invasive species extending their ranges into non‐native regions and for species shifting their natural distributions as a consequence of climate change. In an increasingly modified landscape, a key question is ‘how do populations spread across patchy landscapes?‘ Dispersal is a central process in range expansion and while there is a considerable theory on how the shape of a dispersal kernel influences the rate of spread, we know much less about the relationships between emigration, movement and settlement rules, and invasion rates. Here, we use a simple, single species individual‐based model that explicitly simulates animal dispersal to establish how density‐dependent emigration and settlement rules interact with landscape characteristics to determine spread rates. We show that depending on the dispersal behaviour and on the risk of mortality in the matrix, increasing the number of patches does not necessarily maximise the spread rate. This is due to two effects: first, individuals dispersing at the expanding front are likely to exhibit lower net‐displacement as they typically do not travel far before finding a patch; secondly, with increasing availability of high quality habitat, density‐dependence in emigration and settlement can decrease the number of emigrants and their net‐displacement. The rate of spread is ultimately determined by the balance between net travelled distance, the dispersal mortality and the number of dispersing individuals, which in turn depend on the interaction between the landscape and the species’ dispersal behaviour. These results highlight that predicting spread rates in heterogeneous landscapes is a complex task and requires better understanding of the rules that individuals use in emigration, transfer and settlement decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic modelling of animal dispersal offers new insights into range expansion dynamics across fragmented landscapes

et al. 2014

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“…Also, low densities and potentially skewed sex ratios can be expected when new habitat is colonized (e.g. [48]). In case of Leptinotarsa decemlineata , high transient densities can furthermore be expected when summer generation beetles emerge en masse on chemically untreated potato fields (max: ≈500 adult beetles per plant [Vahl and Boiteau, personal observation]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Fertilization: Effects of Sex-Specific Density and Sex Ratio Determined Experimentally for Colorado Potato Beetles and Drosophila Fruit Flies

et al. 2013

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If males and females affect reproduction differentially, understanding and predicting sexual reproduction requires specification of response surfaces, that is, two-dimensional functions that relate reproduction to the (numeric) densities of both sexes. Aiming at rigorous measurement of female per capita fertilization response surfaces, we conducted a multifactorial experiment and reanalyzed an extensive data set. In our experiment, we varied the density of male and female Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetles) by placing different numbers of the two sexes on enclosed Solanum tuberosum (potato plants) to determine the proportion of females fertilized after 3 or 22 hours. In the reanalysis, we investigated how the short-term fertilization probability of three Drosophila strains (melanogaster ebony, m. sepia, and simulans) depended on adult sex ratio (proportion of males) and total density. The fertilization probability of female Leptinotarsa decemlineata increased logistically with male density, but not with female density. These effects were robust to trial duration. The fertilization probability of female Drosophila increased logistically with both sex ratio and total density. Treatment effects interacted in m. sepia, and simulans. These findings highlight the importance of well-designed, multifactorial experiments and strengthen previous experimental evidence for the relevance of sex-specific densities to understanding and prediction of female fertilization probability.

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“…Models with coevolution of local adaptation and dispersal very rarely include sexual reproduction [20,21], even though local variation in sex ratio have been identified as increasing extinction risks [22][23][24] and can be a significant source of selection for or against dispersal [25,26]. Conversely, models of sexual conflict rarely consider genotype Â environment interactions (while mate choice studies do so more commonly, [27]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography can favour female-advantageous alleles

2014

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When female fecundity is relatively independent of male abundance, while male reproduction is proportional to female abundance, females have a larger effect on population dynamics than males (i.e. female demographic dominance). This population dynamic phenomenon might not appear to influence evolution, because male and female genomes still contribute equally much to the next generation. However, here we examine two evolutionary scenarios to provide a proof of principle that spatial structure can make female demographic dominance matter. Our two simulation models combine dispersal evolution with local adaptation subjected to intralocus sexual conflict and environmentally driven sex ratio biases, respectively. Both models have equilibria where one environment (without being intrinsically poorer) has so few reproductive females that trait evolution becomes disproportionately determined by those environments where females survive better (intralocus sexual conflict model), or where daughters are overproduced (environmental sex determination model). Surprisingly, however, the two facts that selection favours alleles that benefit females, and population growth is improved when female fitness is high, together do not imply that all measures of population performance are improved. The sex-specificity of the source -sink dynamics predicts that populations can evolve to fail to persist in habitats where alleles do poorly when expressed in females.

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Mate limitation causes sexes to coevolve towards more similar dispersal kernels

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Mechanistic modelling of animal dispersal offers new insights into range expansion dynamics across fragmented landscapes

Mechanistic modelling of animal dispersal offers new insights into range expansion dynamics across fragmented landscapes

Female Fertilization: Effects of Sex-Specific Density and Sex Ratio Determined Experimentally for Colorado Potato Beetles and Drosophila Fruit Flies

Demography can favour female-advantageous alleles

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