Material modeling of Ti–6Al–4V alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion for application in macro-scale process simulation

Bartsch, Katharina; Herzog, Dirk; Bossen, Bastian; Emmelmann, Claus

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141237

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…During the SHT at 1050 • C for 60 , the recrystallization process of the columnar β-grains in equiaxed grains takes place (Figures 5 and 6), as also reported by [12,32,45,65]. The same results were obtained by Huang et al [32] who suggested that the equiaxed grains form from the split of the progenitor columnar β-grains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloy Manufactured via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion and Heat-Treated below and above the β-Transus: Effects of Sample Thickness and Sandblasting Post-Process

2022

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Ti6Al4V-ELI is the most-used lightweight alloy in the aerospace industrial sector thanks to its high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The present paper aims, firstly, to evaluate the effects induced by different heat treatments, which were performed above and below the β-transus temperature on Ti6Al4V-ELI samples manufactured via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion in different orientations (XZ, XY, Z and 45°). The first set of tensile samples and bars were heat-treated at 1050 °C × 1 h, while the second and third set were heat-treated at 704 °C × 120′ following the AMS2801 standard specification, and at 740 °C × 130′. These heat treatments were chosen to improve the as-built mechanical properties according to the ASTM F3001 and also ASTM F2924-14 standard specifications. Optical and SEM measurements reveal primary, secondary and tertiary α-laths below the β-transus, while above this temperature, the microstructure varies in relation to the sample’s thickness. Secondly, this work analyzed the results obtained after a sandblasting process, which was performed on half of all the available heat-treated tensile samples, through XRD and Vickers microhardness measurements. XRD analysis also highlighted the presence of α2-Ti3Al and TiAl3 precipitates and the microstructural change in terms of the α-phase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloy Manufactured via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion and Heat-Treated below and above the β-Transus: Effects of Sample Thickness and Sandblasting Post-Process

2022

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“…In Since no clear correlation is present the thermal conductivity of polished samples is averaged to 5.47 W/mK and compared against literature also shown in Figure 2. Here, both the MTPS and TPS measurements show lower conductivity than that reported by (Ziegler et al, 1963;Benjamin and Kirkpatrick 1980;Mills, 2002;Gong et al, 2013), 6.6-7.2 W/mK, and by Bartsch et al (2021), conducted on similar PBF-LB/M as-built Ti-6Al-4V samples with the LAF method (6.5 W/mK). The samples in this study are measured as-built with one surface polished and are predominantly in the martensitic (α') phase.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…In the literature, several studies have dealt with experimentally determining the thermal conductivity of bulk Ti-6Al-4V. They found it to be between 6.2 and 7.66 W/mK (Timmerhaus, 1963;Bolzoni et al, 2013;Gong et al, 2013;Bartsch et al, 2021). However, the data concerning thermal conductivity and other thermo-physical properties of Ti-6Al-4V is still sparse.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivity Of Bulk Ti-6al-4vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, transient techniques are available. Among others, transient methods include transient hot wire (Healy et al, 1976) or laser flash (Cha et al, 2012;Zajas and Heiselberg, 2013;Bartsch et al, 2021) techniques. In the transient plane source method (TPS), a thin disc sensor is placed between two identical samples.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivity Of Bulk Ti-6al-4vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper discusses the thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V, a material widely used in PBF-LB/M, in bulk and powder state. In today's state of the art, data regarding thermal conductivity of additively manufactured materials is sparse (Bartsch et al, 2021), thus design engineers often turn to values measured on material derived from other manufacturing processes, which may not be accurate. Also, the powder thermal conductivity is an important property when considering heat distribution within the PBF-LB/M process itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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With increasing maturity of the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) process, the related products are becoming more complex. The more conventional parts are integrated into one design, the more requirements regarding local material properties arise. This concerns for instance products with high demands regarding temperature management. Here, different thermal conductivities within the part enable the control of the temperature distribution as well as the direction of heat flows. The realization of those local properties poses a challenge, though, as the use of multiple materials in PBF-LB/M is not broadly available. However, the different states of material in PBF-LB/M, i.e. bulk and powder material, provide the opportunity to create thermal metamaterials with locally varied thermal conductivities. To enable part design utilizing the bulk material as well as enclosed powder, this study investigates the respective thermal conductivities of Ti-6Al-4V. Powder and printed samples were measured at RT by the Modified Transient Plane Source method, resulting in an effective thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK for powder and 5.4 W/mK for bulk material (compared to 6.5 W/mK in prior experiments). For complete assessment of the powder material, because of the many uncertainties due to the particle size distribution and powder application, a computational model following the network modeling approach is created. The model is used to create a data set of 60 different powder bed configurations, which is then statistically evaluated to provide a description independent from powder packing. Finally, the application of the investigations to achieve thermal metamaterials capable of local temperature management with a single material is presented in a numerical study. Here, the use cases of thermal shielding as well as the concentration of heat flow is demonstrated.

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Valorization of waste Ti6Al4V chips for epoxy composite production: A circular economy approach

Teke,

Alyamaç‐Seydibeyoğlu,

Mocan

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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With increasing awareness of the circular economy, utilizing waste materials from titanium alloys for polymer composites offers numerous advantages. In this study, medical‐grade titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V chips were finely ground and mixed with epoxy resin to produce particulate‐reinforced composites. The tensile strength showed a 32% improvement compared to the neat epoxy. Similar results were observed for the flexural test, showing a 36% improvement in the composites. Moreover, a substantial 96% increase in thermal conductivity was observed, significantly expanding the potential application areas for the epoxy‐based composites. These improvements were achieved without the use of superfine nanoparticles or other expensive additives. This underscores the potential of a circular approach in the materials world, offering many new opportunities while promoting sustainability.Highlights Circular utilization of titanium powders in polymer composites. Demonstrated effectiveness of titanium milling in composite production. Production of low‐cost, affordable composites suitable for diverse applications. Remarkable thermal conductivity values. Attainment of finely tuned mechanical properties.

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Material modeling of Ti–6Al–4V alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion for application in macro-scale process simulation

Cited by 37 publications

References 95 publications

Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloy Manufactured via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion and Heat-Treated below and above the β-Transus: Effects of Sample Thickness and Sandblasting Post-Process

Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloy Manufactured via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion and Heat-Treated below and above the β-Transus: Effects of Sample Thickness and Sandblasting Post-Process

Thermal Conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Valorization of waste Ti6Al4V chips for epoxy composite production: A circular economy approach

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