Material properties and external factors influencing the charring rate of solid wood and glue‐laminated timber

Friquin, Kathinka Leikanger

doi:10.1002/fam.1055

Cited by 107 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Various experiments in wood engineering indicate that, with the formation of a char layer, the mass loss rate of virgin wood starts decreasing significantly [Friquin 2011]. Therefore, the insulation effect of char is an important phenomenon to include in a combustion model of wood.…”

Section: Interactive Wood Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive wood combustion for botanical tree models

et al. 2017

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Fig. 1. Combustion of a tree model: a tree is exposed to fire until the branching structure reaches its ignition temperature (a). The combustion releases energy stored in the tree organs and propagates through the entire tree model until it reaches its peak (b). The combustion causes branches to bend and break (c) while the flames conquer more branches (d) and eventually burn the entire tree model (e).We present a novel method for the combustion of botanical tree models. Tree models are represented as connected particles for the branching structure and a polygonal surface mesh for the combustion. Each particle stores biological and physical attributes that drive the kinetic behavior of a plant and the exothermic reaction of the combustion. Coupled with realistic physics for rods, the particles enable dynamic branch motions. We model material properties, such as moisture and charring behavior, and associate them with individual particles. The combustion is efficiently processed in the surface domain of the tree model on a polygonal mesh. A user can dynamically interact with the model by initiating fires and by inducing stress on branches. The flames realistically propagate through the tree model by consuming the available resources. Our method runs at interactive rates and supports multiple tree instances in parallel. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through numerous examples and evaluate its plausibility against the combustion of real wood samples.

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Section: Interactive Wood Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive wood combustion for botanical tree models

et al. 2017

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“…Friquin explored the factors which affect the charring rate of solid wood and glulam beams and reported on them in [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reduced Cross Section Method Applied to Glulam Timber Exposed to Non-standard Fire Curves

et al. 2015

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Timber is an desired material for structural applications due to its green credentials and attractive external appearance. Fire safety design of timber structures is largely limited to considering the exposure of elements to the standard fire, to which timber demonstrates exceptional resilience. This paper reports on a series of tests which were carried out with the intention of exploring the impact of non-standard fires on timber elements. Because of the natural variation in timber elements, the tests and the resulting analysis of the test results were conceived and designed in such a way that as much information about the statistical distribution of the response of the elements as possible could be obtained. The resulting testing programme comprised four furnace fire tests, each of eight loaded timber beams, with three different temperature time curves: two standard fire tests, one long-cool parametric fire and one short-hot parametric fire. The reduced cross section method for structural calculations is extended in this paper to parametric fire exposures, and the results of the tests are compared with this method. It is shown that the thickness of the zerostrength layer is dependent on the temperature time curve to which the timber is exposed in the furnace and that the 7 mm zero-strength layer prescribed in EN 1995-1-2 may be un-conservative for members in bending. For the cases studied, the zerostrength layer thickness in bending is shown to be around about 15 mm under standard fire exposure and 16 mm under exposure to a long cool parametric fire. Conversely, the zero-strength layer is only 8 mm deep under exposure to a short hot parametric fire. This has implications for the design of timber elements not only for parametric fire exposure in enclosures, but also perhaps for the use of timber elements in large open structures such as halls or arenas where more localised fire exposure or travelling fire exposure may be expected.

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“…One of the biggest disadvantage of using this material in constructions is combustibility. When timber is subjected to elevated temperature, it undergoes structural, chemical and physical changes [1][2][3]. At first, wood heats up and the moisture will begin to evaporate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the load-bearing capacity of timber members exposed to fire

Kmiecik

Domański

2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Members of building structures are often made of wood. There are many advantages of using timber, such as quick erection time, good environmental influence and high energy efficiency. But the fire safety requirement is one of the most important issues concerning the design of timber structures. Safe use in structures depends on a proper knowledge and modelling of the chemical and physical reactions related to the increase of temperature inside the timber members. This paper presents a summary of results from numerical studies on the heat transfer through timber members exposed to fire from different sides. The finite element software SAFIR was used to make two-dimensional thermal models of the timber elements. Then the FE models were used to analyze the heat flow within the members under standard ISO-fire exposure interacting from different sides. On the basis of the 300 °C isotherms, residual crosssections were determined. Then, the load-bearing capacity of the elements exposed to fire from different sides was determined. The obtained results showed that the location of construction members against the fire has a significant impact of the temperature distribution in the cross-section and, as a result, on the load-bearing capacity of the timber members.

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Material properties and external factors influencing the charring rate of solid wood and glue‐laminated timber

Cited by 107 publications

References 32 publications

Interactive wood combustion for botanical tree models

Interactive wood combustion for botanical tree models

The Reduced Cross Section Method Applied to Glulam Timber Exposed to Non-standard Fire Curves

Analysis of the load-bearing capacity of timber members exposed to fire

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