Material Properties at Low Temperature

Duthil, Patxi

doi:10.5170/cern-2014-005.77

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…For metallic conductors, the resistivity ρ of a material can be used to characterize chemical and physical crystal lattice imperfections in the material. The resistivity of a material is inversely proportional to its mean free path of electrons, which at RT is dominated by the electron scattering from thermal vibrations of the crystal lattice (phonons) and at low temperature by the scattering of crystal lattice imperfections (chemical impurities, vacancies, dislocations) [15]. Therefore, the change in electrical resistivity of a material during fatigue tests can be used as an indication of its crystallographic defects.…”

Section: Electrical Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure-Based Lifetime Assessment of Austenitic Steel AISI 347 in View of Fatigue, Environmental Conditions and NDT

et al. 2021

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The assessment of metallic materials used in power plants’ piping represents a big challenge due to the thermal transients and the environmental conditions to which they are exposed. At present, a lack of information related to degradation mechanisms in structures and materials is covered by safety factors in its design, and in some cases, the replacement of components is prescribed after a determined period of time without knowledge of the true degree of degradation. In the collaborative project “Microstructure-based assessment of maximum service life of nuclear materials and components exposed to corrosion and fatigue (MibaLeb)”, a methodology for the assessment of materials’ degradation is being developed, which combines the use of NDT techniques for materials characterization, an optimized fatigue lifetime analysis using short time evaluation procedures (STEPs) and numerical simulations. In this investigation, the AISI 347 (X6CrNiNb18-10) is being analyzed at different conditions in order to validate the methodology. Besides microstructural analysis, tensile and fatigue tests, all to characterize the material, a pressurized hot water pipe exposed to a series of flow conditions will be evaluated in terms of full-scale testing as well as prognostic evaluation, where the latter will be based on the materials’ data generated, which should prognose changes in the material’s condition, specifically in a pre-cracked stage. This paper provides an overview of the program, while the more material’s related aspects are presented in the subsequent paper.

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Section: Electrical Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…vacancies, dislocations) [15]. Therefore, the change in electrical resistivity of a material during fatigue tests can be used as an indication of its crystallographic defects.…”

Section: Electrical Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure-Based Lifetime Assessment of Austenitic Steel AISI 347 in View of Fatigue, Environmental Conditions and NDT

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, C par can be extracted from measured Y 11 + Y 21 . Both the capacitances incur slight change at 4 K compared to room temperature (RT) due to variation in the dielectric constant [18], as the thermal contraction of metals is negligible [19].…”

Section: A Mom Capacitormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R p (extracted from Re{Z 11 } shown in Fig. 4 (d) at 1 GHz where the skin effect is negligible) is ∼5× lower at 4 K compared to RT, due to the increase in copper conductivity (σ cu ) [19]. At higher frequencies, the skin effect dominates and the loss becomes proportional to 1/σ cu δ, in which the skin depth δ = √ 2/ √ ωµσ cu , where µ and σ cu represent the magnetic permeability and conductivity of the conductor.…”

Section: B Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 (g) shows the measured k m , calculated as k m = Im{Z 21 }/ Im{Z 11 } • Im{Z 22 }, at both RT and 4 K. The coupling factor is mainly set by the physical dimensions of the transformer, which barely change over temperature (i.e., < 1% as shown in [19]). The slight increase in coupling factor at 4 K is due to the change in capacitive coupling caused by the change in dielectric constant as mentioned earlier.…”

Section: B Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Analysis of On-Chip Microwave Passive Components at Cryogenic Temperatures

Patra

Mehrpoo

Ruffino

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Electron Devices Soc.

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This paper presents the characterization and modeling of microwave passive components in TSMC 40-nm bulk CMOS, including metal-oxide-metal (MoM) capacitors, transformers, and resonators, at deep cryogenic temperatures (4.2 K). To extract the parameters of the passive components, the pad parasitics were de-embedded from the test structures using an open fixture. The variations in capacitance, inductance and quality factor are explained in relation to the temperature dependence of the physical parameters, and the resulting insights on the modeling of passives at cryogenic temperatures are provided. Modeling the characteristics of on-chip passive components, presented for the first time down to 4.2 K, is essential in designing cryogenic CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuits, a promising candidate to build the electronic interface for scalable quantum computers.

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Perforation Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel Plates at Various Temperatures

Jia

Rusinek

Bahi

et al. 2019

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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The effect of temperature on perforation behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel plates was investigated experimentally. Perforation tests have been conducted at velocities from 80 to 180 m/s and temperatures between − 163 and 200 °C. Low temperatures were obtained using a specific designed cooling device and the temperature distribution on the specimens was verified to be uniform. Based on the experimental results, the failure mode, the initial-residual velocity curves, the ballistic limit velocities and the energy absorption capacity under different temperatures were analyzed. It was found that petalling was the main failure mode during the perforation process. The average number of petals was three at 20 °C or 200 °C and was increasing continuously to five at − 163 °C. The ballistic limit velocity V bl was also affected by the initial temperature. It increased slightly from 93 m/s at 200 °C to 103 m/s at − 20 °C and then remained constant at lower temperatures. The material showed better energy absorption capacity at low temperatures and this came not only from the temperature sensitivity of the material but also from the strain-induced martensitic transformation effect. According to martensite measurement by X-ray diffraction technique, the martensite fractions along the fracture surface of petals were 87.1%, 66.2%, 52.8% and 32.4% respectively for initial temperatures of − 163 °C, − 60 °C, − 20 °C and 20 °C.

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Material Properties at Low Temperature

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

Microstructure-Based Lifetime Assessment of Austenitic Steel AISI 347 in View of Fatigue, Environmental Conditions and NDT

Microstructure-Based Lifetime Assessment of Austenitic Steel AISI 347 in View of Fatigue, Environmental Conditions and NDT

Characterization and Analysis of On-Chip Microwave Passive Components at Cryogenic Temperatures

Perforation Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel Plates at Various Temperatures

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