Material properties of the seal gasket for shield tunnels: A review

Yang, Chen; Shen, Shui‐Long; Hou, Dongwei; Liao, Shaoming; Yuan, Dajun

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.021

Cited by 62 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…The water swelling polyurethane (WSP) and water swelling rubber (WSR) are two polymer materials that provide water resistance by swelling when they are soaked in water [1] , [2] , [3] – 4] under leaking situation [5] , [6] , [7] – 8] . The WSP material was prepared first by adding TDI, and prepolymer.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental data of water swelling characteristics of polymer materials for tunnel sealing gasket

et al. 2020

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This article provides comprehensive experimental data of two polymers for shield tunnel sealing gasket: i) water swelling polyurethane (WSP) and ii) a mixture (WSRP) of WSP and water swelling rubber (WSR). Water-swelling tests are conducted to investigate the microstructural changes and properties of both WSP and WSRP during water swelling. These data can be useful for the quantitative evaluation of water swelling performance of WSP and WSRP. The data presented herein was used for the article, titled “Experimental investigation of water swelling characteristics of polymer materials for tunnel sealing gasket” [1] .

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Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental data of water swelling characteristics of polymer materials for tunnel sealing gasket

et al. 2020

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“…The normal loading device (480 × 480 × 20 mm) connected to the hydraulic jack provided the normal load F N to the fracture containing high-strength springs (Figure 2(b)). Meanwhile, the grouting pipes (5 mm in internal diameter and 9 mm in length) passing through the rectangular holes belonging to another loading device providing tangential force were inserted into the fracture and tightly sealed by using CR4305 chloroprene rubber [32][33][34] which ensured the sealing effect of the fracture and prevented the grout overflowing from the entrance of the fracture (Figure 4 Figure 4(c)) were placed on the platform, and the horizontal and vertical loads were applied to the fractured sample boundaries.…”

Section: A Platform For Grout Flow Through Fractured Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cement Grout Nonlinear Flow Behavior through the Rough-Walled Fractures: An Experimental Study

Jin

Han

et al. 2020

Geofluids

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This research experimentally studied the effects of various fracture roughness (characterized by the fractal dimension D) and normal stress (normal loads FN) applied to fracture on ultrafine cement grout nonlinear flow behavior through rough-walled plexiglass fractured sample. A high-precision and effective sealing self-made apparatus was developed to perform the stress-dependent grout flow tests on the plexiglass sample containing rough-walled fracture (fracture apertures of arbitrary variation were created by high-strength springs and normal loads according to design requirements). The real-time data acquisition equipment and high-precision self-made electronic balance were developed to collect the real-time grouting pressure P and volumetric flow rate Q, respectively. At each D, the grouting pressure P ranged from 0 to 0.9 MPa, and the normal loads FN varied from 1124.3 to 1467.8 N. The experimental results show that (i) the Forchheimer equation was fitted very well to the results of grout nonlinear flow through rough-walled fractures. Besides, both nonlinear coefficient (a) and linear coefficient (b) in Forchheimer’s equation increased with increase of D and FN, and the larger the FN was, the larger the amplitude was. (ii) For normalized transmissivity, with the increase of Re, the decline of the T/T0−β curves mainly went through three stages: viscous regime, weak inertia regime, and finally strong inertia regime. For a certain D, as the normal load FN increased, the T/T0−β curves generally shifted downward, which shows good agreement with the single-phase flow test results conducted by Zimmerman. Moreover, with the increase of D, the Forchheimer coefficient β decreased. However, within smaller FN, β decreased gradually with increasing D and eventually approached constant values. (iii) At a given FN, Jc increased with increasing D.

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“…Due to the existence of springs, various fracture apertures were produced by different normal loads F N . Meanwhile, the grouting pipes (5 mm in internal diameter and 9 mm in length) passing through the rectangular holes belonging to another loading device providing tangential force were inserted into the fracture and tightly sealed by using CR4305 chloroprene rubber [45][46][47], which ensured the sealing effect of the fracture and prevented the grout overflowing from the entrance of the fracture (Figure 1b). A plexiglass cover plate with high intensity and transparency (pressed under two adjustable bolt cover plates, as shown in Figure 1a,b) placed on the sample was used to balance the vertical grout pressure in the fracture, as well as the role in the seal of the fracture and the visual monitoring of the grout flow through the fracture.…”

Section: Grout Flow Testing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Grout Nonlinear Flow Behavior through Rough Fractures

Jin

Han

et al. 2019

Processes

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This research experimentally analyzed the impacts of various water cement (W/C) ratios of ultrafine cement grout material and normal loads FN applied to fractures on grout nonlinear flow behavior through a rough plexiglass fractured sample. An effective self-made apparatus was designed and manufactured to conduct the stress-dependent grout flow tests on the plexiglass sample containing rough fractures. At each W/C ratio, the grout pressure P increased from 0 to 0.9 MPa, and the normal loads FN ranged from 666.3 to 1467.8 N. The results of the experiments indicate that (1) the Forchheimer’s law can be used to express the results of grout nonlinear flow through rough fractures. Moreover, both nonlinear coefficient a and linear coefficient b in Forchheimer’s law decreased with the increase of the W/C ratio, but increased with the increase of the FN value. (2) For normalized transmissivity, with the increase of Re, the decline of the T/T0–Re curves means that the grout flow behavior through the fracture mainly went through three stages: the viscosity effect, then the weak inertia effect, and finally the strong inertia effect. The three stages showed that with the increase of Re, the grout flow state changed from linear to nonlinear. Moreover, with the increase of the W/C ratio, the Forchheimer coefficient β decreased. (3) At a given FN, the critical grout hydraulic gradient Jc decreased, but the critical Reynolds number Rec increased as the W/C ratio increased; at a given W/C ratio, Jc increased, but Rec decreased as FN increased.

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Material properties of the seal gasket for shield tunnels: A review

Cited by 62 publications

References 121 publications

Experimental data of water swelling characteristics of polymer materials for tunnel sealing gasket

Experimental data of water swelling characteristics of polymer materials for tunnel sealing gasket

Cement Grout Nonlinear Flow Behavior through the Rough-Walled Fractures: An Experimental Study

Experimental Investigation of Grout Nonlinear Flow Behavior through Rough Fractures

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