Materialized ideology and environmental problems: The cases of solar geoengineering and agricultural biotechnology

Gunderson, Ryan; Stuart, Diana; Petersen, Brian

doi:10.1177/1368431019839252

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…A recent paper about SRM and new agricultural biotechnology highlights the problem of narrow abstraction and the fetishization of phenomena. Inspired by the analytical tradition of Frankfurt School critical theory, Gunderson et al (2020) focus on the language of technology assessment. They identify four potential problems, namely that (i) the political economic determinants of a given technology are hidden; (ii) the technology may conceal chronic socialecological contradictions; (iii) the technology may reproduce existing, unjust social conditions; and (iv) the technology may be used for more rational or emancipatory ends in different social conditions but these possibilities are occluded.…”

Section: Risk 1: Narrow Abstraction and Fetishization Through Conventmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Discourse and Reality of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Toward the Responsible Use of Metaphors in Post-normal Times

Castree

2020

Front. Clim.

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There's little doubt that a variety of CDR techniques will be employed worldwide in the decades and centuries to come. Together, these techniques will alter the character and functioning of the biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, pedosphere, and atmosphere. More locally, they will have immediate impacts on people and place, within diverse national state contexts. However, for the moment CDR exists more in the realm of discourse than reality. Its future roll-out in many and varied forms will depend on a series of discussions in the governmental, commercial, and civic spheres. Metaphor will be quite central to these formative discussions. Metaphors serve to structure perceptions of unfamiliar phenomena by transferring meaning from a recognized “source” domain to a new “target” domain. They can be employed in more or less felicitous, more or less noticeable, more or less defensible ways. Metaphors help to govern future action by framing present-day understandings of a world to come. To govern metaphor itself may seem as foolhardy as attempting to sieve water or converse with rocks. Yet by rehearsing some old lessons about metaphor we stand some chance of responsibly steering its employment in unfolding debates about CDR techniques and their practical governance globally. This Perspective identifies some key elements of metaphor's use that will require attention in the different contexts where CDR techniques presently get (and will in future be) discussed meaningfully. Various experts involved in CDR development and deployment have an important, though not controlling, role to play in how it gets metaphorized. This matters in our age of populism, rhetoric, misinformation, and disinformation where the willful (mis)use of certain metaphors threatens to depoliticize, polarize, or simplify future debates about CDR. What is needed is “post-normal” discourse where high stakes decisions made in the context of epistemic uncertainty are informed by clear reasoning among disparate parties whose values diverge.

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Section: Risk 1: Narrow Abstraction and Fetishization Through Conventmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Discourse and Reality of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Toward the Responsible Use of Metaphors in Post-normal Times

Castree

2020

Front. Clim.

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“…renewable energy) (Gunderson et al, 2018b). Whether a technology could be used for more rational ends in different social conditions requires an analysis of the given technology, an approach to technology assessment that is neither Promethean nor technophobic (Gunderson et al, 2019a). As awareness of these social relations and constraints increases, so do calls for social-structural transformation, for shifting priorities to put social and ecological well-being before profit, and for reducing total material and energy throughput to stay within ecological limits (Foster, 2010; Kallis, 2018; Kallis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Conclusion: Toward a New Social Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Geoengineering and the Metabolic Rift: Solution or Social Reproduction?

2020

Self Cite

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Using the concepts of metabolism and metabolic rift as a framework, this paper examines carbon geoengineering technologies as a solution to climate change and explores if it is possible to mend an ecological metabolic rift without fundamental changes in the social metabolic order. Carbon geoengineering technologies have become a key component of scenarios to limit the extent of global warming and are being discussed as a means to sequester carbon and, therefore, mend the carbon cycle. However, most applications of carbon geoengineering thus far do not result in net negative emissions. Strategies to make operations profitable result in neutral or positive, rather than negative, emissions. While these strategies have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations, the current social order constrains their use and effectiveness. Instead of being applied as part of the solution to climate change, carbon geoengineering is being strategically promoted by the fossil fuel industry in ways that serve to reproduce and maintain the current social order.

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“…Indonesia is rich in natural aromatic materials, consisting of three types of aromatic plants from 22 different families, namely Asteraceae [1], Hypericaceae [2], Lauraceae, Myrtaceae [3], Pinaceae [4], Rubiaceae [5], Rutaceae, and Solanaceae [6], each having major aromatic compound components known as essential oils [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, essential oils have long been used to repel insects in the form of pests of grains and nuts in storage warehouses [17]. Essential oils can have several effects on insects, namely as repellents [18], attractants [19], contact poisons, fumigants [20], antifeedant [21], and oviposition deterrent [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Essential Oils Components from Aromatic Plants Using Headspace Repellent Method against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Mustapa,

Guswenrivo,

Zurohtun

et al. 2023

Molecules

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This research serves as the basis for developing essential oil-based repellent activity tests against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The method used for the isolation of essential oils was the steam distillation method. Virus-free Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used as test animals by applying the 10% essential oil repellent on the arms of volunteers. The analysis of the essential oils activities and aromas’ components was carried out using headspace repellent and GC-MS methods. Based on the results, the yields of essential oil from 5000 g samples for cinnamon bark, clove flowers, patchouli, nutmeg seed, lemongrass, citronella grass, and turmeric rhizome were 1.9%, 16%, 2.2%, 16.8%, 0.9%, 1.4%, and 6.8%, respectively. The activity test showed that the average repellent power of 10% essential oils, patchouli, cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric, clove flowers, citronella grass, and lemongrass, was 95.2%, 83.8%, 71.4%, 94.7%, 71.4%, 80.4%, and 85%, respectively. Patchouli and cinnamon had the best average repellent power. Meanwhile, the aroma activities showed that the average repellent power of the patchouli oil was 96%, and the cinnamon oil was 94%. From the GC-MS analysis, nine components were identified in the patchouli essential oil aromas’ with the highest concentration being patchouli alcohol (42.7%), Azulene, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1α,7α,8aβ)] (10.8%), α-guaiene (9.22%), and seychellene (8.19%)., whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were seven components identified in the patchouli essential oil aroma with a high concentration of the components, which were patchouli alcohol (52.5%), Seychellene (5.2%), and α-guaiene (5.2%). The analysis results of cinnamon essential oil using the GC-MS method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with E-cinnamaldehyde (73%) being the highest component, whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with highest concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (86.1%). It can be concluded that the chemical compounds contained in patchouli and cinnamon bark have the potential to be environmentally friendly repellents in controlling and preventing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

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Materialized ideology and environmental problems: The cases of solar geoengineering and agricultural biotechnology

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

The Discourse and Reality of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Toward the Responsible Use of Metaphors in Post-normal Times

The Discourse and Reality of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Toward the Responsible Use of Metaphors in Post-normal Times

Carbon Geoengineering and the Metabolic Rift: Solution or Social Reproduction?

Analysis of Essential Oils Components from Aromatic Plants Using Headspace Repellent Method against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

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