Materials and energy recovery from oily sludges removed from crude oil storage tanks (tank bottoms): A review of technologies

Synthesis of nano-β-CD@Fe3O4 magnetic material and its application in ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge

“…Oily sludge is mainly a mixture composed of oil phase wrapped with tiny solid phase particles and a small amount of water, where gum and asphaltene are the main reasons for the solid cementation of the mixture [4] , [23] . The key to achieving the deconstruction and destruction of oily sludge is to achieve the stripping of the oil phase and water, oil phase and solid phase [10] . Nano-β-CD@Fe 3 O 4 can be adsorbed at the oil–water interface and oil-solid interface and realize the enrichment at the interface, which provides powerful conditions for the cavitation of ultrasound [17] , [22] .…”

Transformation of oil scum as magnetic char for effective recovery of Cu and Ni from EDTA-bearing wastewater

“…Third, as the temperature increased from 360 to 600 °C, the rest minerals in the oil sludge became weightless, whilst the rest of the organics were polymerized to generate biphenyl, gas and char. 11,17 In parallel, a portion of the rest organics was also dehydrogenated to form vinyl benzene and ethylbenzene. Thereby, with thermal treatment, nearly 27.3% pyrolysis gas and 14.5% tar were generated from the oil scum, with the remaining 27.1% char (Fig.…”

“…4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Among these approaches, pyrolysis has the merits of recovering energy in situ and to yielding combustible gas/tar without the emission of pollutants. 8,9 During pyrolysis, some additives, e.g., vapor, 11 KOH, 16 urea, 7 CO 2 , 10 and solid organics, 12 were added into the scum, where the following evaporation, cracking and decomposition reactions occurred on the additive surface 1,17 to accelerate the decomposition of heavy oil in the oil scum as combustible gas/tar. Given that the Fe oxides have strong redox performance with organics, they served as an additive to accelerate the decomposition of heavy oil in oil sludge.…”

Catalyzed hydrothermal treatment of oily sludge: A review

“…As a common by-product in the processes of mining, storage, transportation, and refining [1] in the petroleum industry, oily sludge has the dual characteristics of petroleum resources and hazardous waste. According to different sources, the oily sludge produced is mainly divided into four categories: oilfield oily sludge (OOS), storage and transportation oily sludge (STOS), refinery oily sludge (ROS), and accident oily sludge (AOS).…”