Materials for stretchable electronics

Wagner, S.; Bauer, Siegfried

doi:10.1557/mrs.2012.37

Cited by 420 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…As a model for new types of displays, this design paradigm should be easily translatable to optoelectronic devices comprising various luminescent polymers and activated by various stimuli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][52][53][54] . The dimension of the current display panel is 2 cm by 2 cm and the feature size of the florescent patterns is B100 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalopod-inspired design of electro-mechano-chemically responsive elastomers for on-demand fluorescent patterning

et al. 2014

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Cephalopods can display dazzling patterns of colours by selectively contracting muscles to reversibly activate chromatophores -pigment-containing cells under their skins. Inspired by this novel colouring strategy found in nature, we design an electro-mechano-chemically responsive elastomer system that can exhibit a wide variety of fluorescent patterns under the control of electric fields. We covalently couple a stretchable elastomer with mechanochromic molecules, which emit strong fluorescent signals if sufficiently deformed. We then use electric fields to induce various patterns of large deformation on the elastomer surface, which displays versatile fluorescent patterns including lines, circles and letters on demand. Theoretical models are further constructed to predict the electrically induced fluorescent patterns and to guide the design of this class of elastomers and devices. The material and method open promising avenues for creating flexible devices in soft/wet environments that combine deformation, colorimetric and fluorescent response with topological and chemical changes in response to a single remote signal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalopod-inspired design of electro-mechano-chemically responsive elastomers for on-demand fluorescent patterning

et al. 2014

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“…solid-state lithium-ion battery | multijunction solar cell | stretchable electronics | energy management | wearable technology R ecent ideas in materials science and mechanical engineering establish strategies for integrating functionality enabled by hard forms of electronics with compliant interconnects and soft packages to yield hybrid systems that offer low-modulus, elastic responses to large strain deformations (1)(2)(3)(4). Such stretchable characteristics are qualitatively different from those afforded by simple mechanical bendability; the consequences are important because such properties allow for intimate, long-lived interfaces with the human body, such as the skin (5,6), heart (7), and the brain (8), and for development of unusual device designs that derive inspiration from biology (9,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, thin skin-mounted power management systems and their use in wireless thermography

Lee

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

133

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Power supply represents a critical challenge in the development of body-integrated electronic technologies. Although recent research establishes an impressive variety of options in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and generation (triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic devices), the modest electrical performance and/or the absence of soft, biocompatible mechanical properties limit their practical use. The results presented here form the basis of soft, skin-compatible means for efficient photovoltaic generation and high-capacity storage of electrical power using dual-junction, compound semiconductor solar cells and chip-scale, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, respectively. Miniaturized components, deformable interconnects, optimized array layouts, and dual-composition elastomer substrates, superstrates, and encapsulation layers represent key features. Systematic studies of the materials and mechanics identify optimized designs, including unusual configurations that exploit a folded, multilayer construct to improve the functional density without adversely affecting the soft, stretchable characteristics. System-level examples exploit such technologies in fully wireless sensors for precision skin thermography, with capabilities in continuous data logging and local processing, validated through demonstrations on volunteer subjects in various realistic scenarios.solid-state lithium-ion battery | multijunction solar cell | stretchable electronics | energy management | wearable technology R ecent ideas in materials science and mechanical engineering establish strategies for integrating functionality enabled by hard forms of electronics with compliant interconnects and soft packages to yield hybrid systems that offer low-modulus, elastic responses to large strain deformations (1-4). Such stretchable characteristics are qualitatively different from those afforded by simple mechanical bendability; the consequences are important because such properties allow for intimate, long-lived interfaces with the human body, such as the skin (5, 6), heart (7), and the brain (8), and for development of unusual device designs that derive inspiration from biology (9, 10). Many impressive examples of the utility of these concepts have emerged over the last several years, particularly in the area of biomedical devices, where work in skin-mounted technologies is now moving from laboratory demonstrations to devices with proven utility in human clinical studies (11, 12) and even to recently launched commercial products (13). Although schemes in high-frequency or ultrahigh-frequency wireless power transfer satisfy requirements in many important contexts (14, 15), opportunities remain for approaches in local generation and/or storage of power in ways that retain overall stretchable characteristics at the system level. Reported approaches to the former involve harvesting based on piezoelectric (16, 17), triboelectric (18), and thermoelectric (19) effects; the latter includes batteries (20-22) and supercapa...

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“…In [81] a normally closed electrostatic valve structure was demonstrated which isolates the fluid from the electric field, hence featuring relatively low actuation potentials (\60 V), and in [82] an electrostatic valve with liquid metal-elastomer-compliant electrodes was presented. A brief overview of the different techniques for making stretchable metal interconnects on polymers was given in [83]. Kim et al [84] used an electrically conductive polymer in place of metal electrodes to actuate PDMS membranes electromechanically.…”

Section: Layered Pdms Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Hilber

2016

Appl. Phys. A

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Microfluidic devices have not yet evolved into commercial off-the-shelf products. Although highly integrated microfluidic structures, also known as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micrototal-analysis-system (lTAS) devices, have consistently been predicted to revolutionize biomedical assays and chemical synthesis, they have not entered the market as expected. Studies have identified a lack of standardization and integration as the main obstacles to commercial breakthrough. Soft microfluidics, the utilization of a broad spectrum of soft materials (i.e., polymers) for realization of microfluidic components, will make a significant contribution to the proclaimed growth of the LOC market. Recent advances in polymer science developing novel stimulus-active soft-matter materials may further increase the popularity and spreading of soft microfluidics. Stimulus-active polymers and composite materials change shape or exert mechanical force on surrounding fluids in response to electric, magnetic, light, thermal, or water/solvent stimuli. Specifically devised actuators based on these materials may have the potential to facilitate integration significantly and hence increase the operational advantage for the end-user while retaining costeffectiveness and ease of fabrication. This review gives an overview of available actuation concepts that are based on functional polymers and points out promising concepts and trends that may have the potential to promote the commercial success of microfluidics.

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Materials for stretchable electronics

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 420 publications

References 74 publications

Cephalopod-inspired design of electro-mechano-chemically responsive elastomers for on-demand fluorescent patterning

Cephalopod-inspired design of electro-mechano-chemically responsive elastomers for on-demand fluorescent patterning

Soft, thin skin-mounted power management systems and their use in wireless thermography

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

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