Maternal and Child Nutrition Status in Rural Communities of Kalalé District, Benin: The Relationship and Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an emerging public health concern in urban Benin. However, an understanding of the phenomena in rural areas of the country is lacking. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of DBM and to investigate the sociodemographic and dietary characteristics that differentiate DBM from undernourished children only, overweight/obese mothers only, and normal households in Kalalé district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 426 mother-child pairs: nonpregnant women aged 15 to 49 years and children aged 6 to 59 months. Weight-forage and height-forage were used to classify underweight and stunted children, body mass index !25 kg/m 2 to measure overweight/obese mothers, and a 24-hour recall to assess the diet diversity score (DDS). Results: Overall, 37.6% of children were stunted, 10.1% wasted, and 22.8% underweight, while the rate of overweight/obese mothers was 15.5%. The DBM was present in 6.1% of the households. Overweight/obese mothers' households had better socioeconomic status (SES), greater maternal education, less food insecurity, and a more diversified diet, in contrast with undernourished children households. The DBM households shared several features with undernourished children households, except for a greater (not significant) SES, but had the lowest DDS. Logistical regression revealed that high SES, older age child, DDS, mother education, and ethnicity were associated with DBM. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of addressing the DBM at the community level in rural Benin. However, multicenter studies in various rural parts of the country are needed to substantiate the present results, so that appropriate strategies to reduce the DBM can be planned.

The presence of the double burden of malnutrition in children and their mothers in Grand-Popo, Benin

“…The prevalence of stunting is very high at 29.7%, which is close to the national prevalence, and similar to the prevalence of stunting in the West African sub-region (31.4%) (UNICEF and WHO, 2017) and sub-Saharan Africa (Akombi et al, 2017). Our results concur with a recent study in Benin by Alaofè and Asaolu (2019), who reported that 37.6% of children were stunted, 10.1% wasted and 22.8% underweight. According to WHO, the prevalence of 9.8% wasting and 29.7% stunting, in terms of severity, is a medium health concern.…”

“…Approximately 16.9% of mothers in this study were overweight and 7.6% obese, mimicking the national trends from the health survey in 2012. More recently, Alaofè and Asaolu (2019) reported that the rate of overweight/obese mothers was 15.5% in Benin. These figures are similar to others found in the department where Grand-Popo is located (19.9% overweight and 12% obesity) (Enquête Démographique et de Santé, 2012).…”

“…The national prevalence of undernutrition among children in Benin was 44.7% in 2011 (Institut National de la statistique et de l’analyse économique, 2012) and the prevalence of overweight among adult women was 38% (International Food Policy Research Institute, 2015). More recently, Alaofè and Asaolu (2019) reported the double burden of malnutrition was present in 6.1% of the households in rural communities of Kalale district in Benin. Insufficient data in Benin are one of the challenges limiting decisions and there is a need to assess the double-burden situation.…”

Prevalensi dan Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Terjadinya Beban Gizi Ganda pada Keluarga di Indonesia

“…13,14 Beberapa penelitian terdahulu terkait beban gizi ganda menunjukkan bahwa faktorfaktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya beban gizi ganda pada tingkat keluarga secara signifikan merujuk pada faktor langsung dan tak langsung yang berkaitan dengan status gizi, seperti faktor asupan makanan, ketahanan pangan, karakteristik ibu dan anak, tingkat ekonomi keluarga, dan tingkat pendidikan. 5,6,7,15 Selain faktor-faktor tersebut, faktor lingkungan, fasilitas kesehatan, dan wilayah tempat tinggal juga memiliki peran yang penting dalam pengentasan masalah malnutrisi. 16,17,18 Adanya perbedaan demografis, karakteristik dan budaya masyarakat memungkinkan adanya perbedaan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian beban gizi ganda antar negara.…”

“…rendah juga memiliki peluang lebih besar dan signifikan terhadap masalah beban gizi ganda 7,15,26,44. Hal ini mungkin dapat dikaitkan dengan pentingnya peran pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan praktek terkait pemilihan bahan makanan dengan kandungan gizi yang tepat dan pencegahan timbulnya penyakit yang merupakan kunci utama dalam mencegah terjadinya malnutrisi 41.…”