Maternal and fetal outcomes of intimate partner violence associated with pregnancy in the Latin American and Caribbean region

Abstract

IPV-P is highly prevalent in LAC, with poor obstetric-related outcomes. Clinicians must identify women experiencing IPV-P and institute appropriate interventions and referrals to avoid its deleterious consequences.

Intimate partner violence against pregnant women: the environment according to Levine's nursing theory

“…The events described by them of chronic pain, gastric disorders, high blood pressure, dyspareunia, sleep disorders and dietary patterns; in addition to sadness, fear and insecurity, revealed a negative impact on their physical, mental and sexual health, with risks to pregnancy, thus becoming a pathological process. These findings corroborate other studies (4)(5) . The impairment of mental health can lead them to start prenatal visits after the first quarter (1) , as evidenced in this investigation.…”

“…The implications of such violence are associated with a delay in starting prenatal care, premature labor, bleeding, miscarriage, and depression, among others, with possible fatal outcomes to mother and fetus (2,(4)(5) .…”

“…International (5)(6)(7) and national (8)(9)(10)(11) studies indicate a high prevalence of IPV during pregnancy, which can be severe and recurrent in a continuous pattern (10)(11) . Elements for its occurrence can be identified as: economic dependency, low education, unplanned pregnancy, previous experience of violence in childhood or adolescence and abuse of legal and/ or illegal drugs (1)(2)5) .…”

“…Elements for its occurrence can be identified as: economic dependency, low education, unplanned pregnancy, previous experience of violence in childhood or adolescence and abuse of legal and/ or illegal drugs (1)(2)5) . Notably, such violence is inserted in the field of gender violence, since it is based on a historical and socio-cultural construct that assigns asymmetric relations between men and women, implying unequal power relations based on a dominant and submissive relationship (12) .…”

Violencia doméstica en adolescentes embarazadas: caracterización de la pareja y prevalencia de las formas de expresión

“…En Guatemala se informó la VD física en el 10,0 % de las mujeres gestantes (18), y en Nicaragua una de cada cuatro manifestó haber sufrido algún tipo de VD física durante el embarazo (19). El 28,0 % de un grupo de mujeres bolivianas soportaron VD física durante su último embarazo, lo cual también informaron el 24,4 % de las mujeres de diferentes edades de República Dominicana, y el 33,9 % de Haití (20). En India (21) el 12,0 % de la VD fue física, se manifestó principalmente por bofetadas, golpes, patadas o quemaduras en mujeres de diferentes edades gestacionales.…”