Maternal and neonatal seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Benin City, Nigeria

Onakewhor, Jue; Offor, Elsie; Fe, Okonofua

doi:10.1080/01443610120085528

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The vertical transmission rate from this study was 51.6%. The vertical route is a major mode of transmission of the virus [6,7,25]. In a study done in Benin City, Nigeria, it was shown that the vertical transmission rate was 42.9% for HBsAg, which was a very high rate of transmission, similar to the rate from this study [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This prevalence is identical to the study at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria (ABUTH), Nigeria - 8.3% [24]. It is however, higher than the prevalence of 2.2% from a study in Benin-city, Nigeria [25]. It is also higher than the reported prevalences of 4.3% in Port-Harcourt [26], 4.4% in Lagos [10] and 4.6% in Enugu [27], all in Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The vertical route is a major mode of transmission of the virus [6,7,25]. In a study done in Benin City, Nigeria, it was shown that the vertical transmission rate was 42.9% for HBsAg, which was a very high rate of transmission, similar to the rate from this study [25]. Multiple sexual partners, previous history of sexually transmitted infections, previous histories of blood transfusion and previous surgeries/dental manipulations were not statistically significantly associated with HBV infection from this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, correlates and pattern of hepatitis B surface antigen in a low resource setting

Eke

Okafor

et al. 2011

Virol J

135

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BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria has remained a Public Health issue. It is a major cause of mortality, especially in developing countries. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection is thought to be a major route of transmission in low resource areas. In spite of this, routine antenatal screening for hepatitis B infection is not yet practiced in many Nigerian hospitals. This paper present the findings of a study conducted among antenatal women in Nnewi, Nigeria.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study carried out over a 3-month period (August - October, 2009). Recruitment of 480 women attending antenatal clinics in Nnewi, Nigeria was done by simple random sampling using computer generated random numbers. HBsAg screening was done using rapid ELISA Kits. Statistical analysis was computed using STATA 11 package. The results were subjected to analysis using cross tabulations to explore statistical relationships between variables. Chi square test was used to explore proportional relationship between groups. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (providing 95% confidence interval).ResultsFour hundred and eighty pregnant women were recruited into the study. Of these, 40 tested positive to HBsAg, accounting for 8.3% of the sample population. The age of the subjects studied varied from 14 to 45 years (mean age - 24.3 years) while the mean parity was 2.18. The HIV/HBV co-infection rate was 4.2%. The vertical transmission rate was 51.6%. There were statistically significant relationships between HBV infection and previous history of tribal marks/tattoos (χ2 = 27.39, P = 0.001, df = 1), history of contact with previously infected HBV patients (χ2 = 23.11, P = 0.001, df = 1) and occupation of the women (χ2 = 51.22, P = 0.001, df = 1). Multiple sexual partners, blood transfusion, dental manipulations, sharing of sharps/needles, and circumcision were not significant modes of transmission. There was no statistically significant relationship between maternal age, educational level and HBV infection.ConclusionThe authors argued that hepatitis B screening in pregnancy should be made routine practice in Nigeria because of the low pick up rate of the infection based only on risk factors for the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, correlates and pattern of hepatitis B surface antigen in a low resource setting

Eke

Okafor

et al. 2011

Virol J

135

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“…Detection of HBsAg in an individual indicates that the person is infectious. [58] The seroprevalence rate in this study is higher than the 2.1% obtained among women at the point of delivery at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria,[25] and the 1.9% obtained among pregnant women in Bali, Indonesia. [26] By contrast, this prevalence rate is slightly lower than the 4.3% and 9.3% prevalence rates reported among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State,[14] and Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among pregnant Nigerian women

Oneh

Aminu

2016

Ann Afr Med

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Background:Chronic hepatitis B infection is a global problem; however, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are most affected by it. Hepatitis B status of pregnant women is essential for the effective management of the disease and prevention of mother to child transmission.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted at the antenatal care unit of four hospitals within Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria, between August and December 2011. After obtaining ethical clearance, blood samples were collected from 800 consenting pregnant women, the plasma were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using first response HBsAg card and the reactive sera were confirmed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were detected using the one-step HBV multi-5 test kit.Results:Of the 800 pregnant women screened, 31 (3.9%) tested positive for HBsAg. Only one of the 31 HBsAg positive women had developed the hepatitis B surface antibody, 16 (51.6%) had the envelop antibody, 18 (58.1%) had the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), and two (6.5%) had hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg). The highest prevalence of HBsAg was recorded among women in age group 21–25 years old (P = 0.968). Similarly, married women (P = 0.772), women in their second trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.938), women with tertiary education (P = 0.972), women from the South-East geopolitical zone (P = 0.250) and those whose husbands were in polygamous relationships (P = 0.944) had the highest seroprevalence of HBsAg.Conclusion:HBV was detected with a prevalence of 3.9% among pregnant women in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. About 96.8% (29) of the reactive women had HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis while 6.5% (2) had HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B infection. About 58.1% of the women had anti-HBc, hence, did not have immunity and probably had chronic infection with reduced risk of vertical transmission. Pregnant women should be screened for HBsAg at the first antenatal clinic visit for appropriate clinical management and effective prevention of vertical transmission.

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“…[28] The seroprevalence rate in this study is higher than the 1.6% seroprevalence rate reported among women of reproductive age in Rome, Italy[29] and the 1.9% found among pregnant women in Bali, Indonesia[30] or the 2.1% found among women at delivery at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. [31]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveying infections among pregnant women in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Buseri

Seiyaboh

Jeremiah

2010

J Global Infect Dis

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Background:There is paucity of epidemiological data on infectious diseases among antenatal mothers in Bayelsa State of the Niger Delta, Nigeria.Aims:The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the serological markers Human immunodeficiency virus-antibody (HIV-Ab), Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), Hepatitis C virus antibody(HCV-A)and antibodies to T. pallidum among pregnant women in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, South–South Nigeria.Settings and Design:This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out in Yenagoa city, the heart of the Niger Delta, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were detected by using “Determine” HIV-1/2 test strip (Abbott Laboratories, Japan); hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and antibodies to T. pallidum were carried out using ACON rapid test strips (ACON Laboratories, USA). All positive samples for HIV, HBV and HCV were confirmed using the Clinotech diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits (Clinotech Laboratories, USA), while all reactive samples to Treponema pallidum antibodies were confirmed by the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test (Lorne Laboratories Ltd., UK). All test procedures were carried out according to the manufacturers’ instructions.Statistical Analysis Used:The data generated were coded, entered, validated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 12.0, and Epi info. The seroprevalence of syphilis, HBsAg, HCV and HIV was expressed for the entire study group by age, sex and other demographic features using Pearson chi-square analysis. Values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:A total of 1,000 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 15 and 44 years with a mean of 27.34±5.43 years were screened. In terms of percentage, 89.4% of the subjects were married, and 10.6% were without formal husbands. The overall seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilis was found to be 4.1%, 5.3%, 0.5% and 5.0%, respectively.Conclusions:High prevalence of some infectious diseases was observed in the present study, which may pose serious health risk to women of reproductive age in this region. It is important to point out that there is need to improve antenatal care of pregnant women by mandatory screening for these infectious diseases.

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Maternal and neonatal seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Benin City, Nigeria

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence, correlates and pattern of hepatitis B surface antigen in a low resource setting

Prevalence, correlates and pattern of hepatitis B surface antigen in a low resource setting

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among pregnant Nigerian women

Surveying infections among pregnant women in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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