Maternal Bias of Immunity to Her Offspring: Possibility of an Autoimmunity Twist out from Maternal Immunity to Her Young

Abstract

The major interest in materno-foetal relation is why fetus is not rejected by the mother, even in a different genetic background. But in this article we have been investigating about the effect(s) of maternal antigenic stimulation or infection upon the active immune responses in her offspring. The results of various researchers have certainly pose significant problems as to the defense of infants against infectious agents, especially those introduced by their mothers. But we have already reported that maternal antigenic stimulation greatly suppresses the specific immune response of the offspring in a system of mouse vs heterologous erythrocytes and other T-dependent antigens. This suppression was antigen specific and effective on 1/6 life of rodents. The mechanisms that concerned in this suppression were not antigen administered nor antibody produced in the mother. The supporting evidences were that this suppression was MHC restricted and limited in during pregnancy for induction between mother and her young. The system examined was separating genetic backgrounds that the haplotype was different in F2 family where half of the young were identical but not in remainder to the F1 mother mouse. From this backcross system, this suppression was MHC restricted, suggesting cell to cell contact with mother to her young. Moreover, cytokine level in both mother and her young, IFN- levels was up-regulated in such a young whose mother was immunized with antigen. The significance of this phenomenon were accessed as biological and medical intervention especially for the mother and infant health care and prevention of hypersensitivities, autoimmune syndrome for her young after delivery.

“Some Anti-viral Activities in Spring Food Material, Mugwort”

“…Coronavirus pneumonia is a highly infectious acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The World Health Organization estimates that about 1 billion people are infected with coronavirus pneumonia each year, coronavirus pneumonia resulting in over 120,000,000.…”

Aspect of QOL Assessment and Proposed New Scale for Evaluation

“…They express these functions through the adrenergic receptors (ARs) and regulate the target organ. The adrenergic receptor has two types of α and β, and there are multiple subtypes (α 1 , α 2 , β 1 , β 2 , β 3 ) [4]. These subtypes present the vascular (α 1 ), the pre-synaptic terminal (α 2 ), the heart (β 1 ), the bronchial muscle of the lung (β 2 ), fat cells (β 3 ), respectively.…”

Hot Spring Hydro Therapy Regulates Peripheral Leukocyte Together with Emotional Hormone and Receptor Positive Lymphocytes According to Each Constitution/Condition*

“…They express these functions through the adrenergic receptors (ARs) and regulate the target organ. The adrenergic receptor has two types of α and β, and there are multiple subtypes (α 1 , α 2 , β 1 , β 2 , β 3 ) [4]. These subtypes present the vascular (α 1 ), the presynaptic terminal (α 2 ), the heart (β 1 ), the bronchial muscle of the lung (β 2 ), fat cells (β 3 ), respectively.…”

“…However, every individual in the world exposes to the risk of immunodeficiency in daily life with both internal and externals. The factors that influence the acquired immune activity are systemic metabolic disorder such in diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, extreme exhaustion, stress, aging and medical side effect in cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. So we have to select appropriate menu to regulate immune function through leukocyte storage.…”

“…What is the mechanism of hot spring hydrotherapy that affects humans? It is known that the function of the immune system is closely related to the nervous and endocrine systems, and varies with physical conditions and changes in the surroundings [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. It seems reasonable that hot spring hydrotherapy should also influence the immune system, but so far no objective studies have been made.…”