Maternal Circulating Dendritic Cell Subtypes at Delivery and During the 1‐Year Postpartum Period

Lee, Hye Ryun; Kim, Byoung Jae; Shin, Sue; Jeon, Hye Won; Roh, Eun Youn; Yoon, Jong Hyun; Song, Eun Young

doi:10.1111/aji.12188

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…However, patients with autoimmune diseases commonly experience flares in the later postnatal period, implying that systemic immune changes occur later postnatally 32 . Levels of some cytokines may take up to 3–4 months after delivery to normalize, 33 whereas certain immune cell types appear to normalize within 6 weeks 34 . The importance of early exposure to microbiota for MAIT cell development has been recently shown 35 and may explain some of the variation in MAIT cell frequencies in our study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Ravi

Chan

Akoto

et al. 2020

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB), despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy. Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an immune cell subset involved in antimicrobial immunity at mucosal surfaces. MAIT cells have been found at the maternal‐foetal interface, and MAIT cells are typically depleted early in HIV infection. We aimed to investigate changes in MAIT cells in relation to maternal HIV/ART status and PTB. Method of Study We conducted flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood samples from 47 HIV‐positive (HIV+) and 45 HIV‐negative (HIV−) pregnant women enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. Frequencies of Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cells and proportions of CD4+, CD8+ and double‐negative MAIT cells were compared between women with and without HIV infection, and between women with and without PTB or spontaneous preterm labour (Sp‐PTL). Results Although overall MAIT cell frequencies were the same between HIV+ and HIV− patients, HIV+ patients had a higher proportion of CD8+ MAIT cells in the first two trimesters. Women with PTB and Sp‐PTL also had a higher proportion of CD8+ MAIT cells in the first trimester compared to women without these outcomes. The association between changes in MAIT cell subsets and PTB/Sp‐PTL was present in both HIV+ and HIV− women, and an additive effect on MAIT cell subsets was seen in women with both HIV infection and PTB. Conclusions Interactions between HIV‐related and pregnancy‐related changes in MAIT cell subsets and distribution may lead to imbalances in peripheral MAIT cell subsets in early pregnancy. This may contribute to the increased risk of PTB in HIV+ patients by altering the overall functionality of the peripheral MAIT cell compartment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Ravi

Chan

Akoto

et al. 2020

American J Rep Immunol

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“…In our investigation, ILC1s and ILC2s appear to increase following pregnancy, but these differences are not significant, likely due to the small number of delivery and postnatal samples (n = 5 and 6, respectively). Also, pregnancy related immune modulations are known to continue into the postpartum period for up to a year 40 – 42 . Therefore, future investigations would benefit from an increase in delivery and postnatal sample sizes as well as comparable samples for HIV− and non-pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate lymphoid cells are reduced in pregnant HIV positive women and are associated with preterm birth

Akoto

Chan

Tshivuila-Matala

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and child mortality worldwide. Globally, 1.4 million pregnant women are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS, the majority of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment (ART) have been associated with increased rates of preterm birth, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Acute HIV infection is associated with a rapid depletion of all three subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, which is not reversed by ART. ILCs have been found at the maternal-fetal interface and we therefore investigated the potential association between maternal HIV infection, peripheral ILC frequencies and preterm birth. In our study of pregnant South African women with accurately dated pregnancies, we show that maternal HIV infection is associated with reduced levels of all three ILC subsets. Preterm birth was also associated with lower levels of all three ILC subsets in early pregnancy. ILC frequencies were lowest in HIV positive women who experienced preterm birth. Moreover, ILC levels were reduced in pregnancies resulting in spontaneous onset of preterm labour and in extreme preterm birth (< 28 weeks gestation). Our findings suggest that reduced ILC frequencies may be a link between maternal HIV infection and preterm birth. In addition, ILC frequencies in early pregnancy may serve as predictive biomarkers for women who are at risk of delivering preterm. Globally, preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal and child mortality, accounting for approximately 18% of deaths in 2016 1. In those infants who survive, PTB is associated with an increased risk of short-and longterm morbidities 2. Preterm birth is a syndrome caused by multiple pathological processes and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, holding back progress in prediction, prevention and treatment 3. Of the 36.9 million people estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS worldwide 4 , approximately 1.4 million are pregnant women, the majority of whom reside in sub-Saharan Africa 5. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by our group revealed that HIV positive expectant mothers not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) experienced higher rates of PTB, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and stillbirth than HIV negative women 6. While ART administered during pregnancy is effective at reducing maternal morbidity and mortality as well as mother-to-child HIV transmission, ART does not reverse the effect of HIV on perinatal outcomes and may even exacerbate it, although reports are conflicting 7-14. HIV infection is characterised by a progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells and persistent immune activation 15. In addition, it was recently reported that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are depleted during acute HIV infection 16. ILCs are immune effectors which function to provide protective responses against pathogens and tumours and are also involved in lymphoid organogenesis during fetal development 17. They can be divided into three groups, ILC1s...

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“…The reason is probably that the dendritic cells play an important role in the adaptive immune responses to foreign antigens and self-tolerance. After delivery, the maternal alteration in the dendritic cells rapidly normalizes within 1.5 months, and the maternal immune function soon recovers [16]. Thus, women who have just given birth to newborns of normal birth weight may show a significant reduction in cellular immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As cellular immunity decreases after delivery, respiratory symptoms increase in women 1-3 months postpartum [16]. Therefore, sudden deafness during the postpartum period may be related to a viral infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Deafness during Antepartum versus Postpartum Periods

Zhang

Young²

2017

ORL

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Objective: This study reviewed our experience in treating sudden deafness in antepartum (pregnant) and postpartum women during the past 2 decades. Methods: From 1997 to 2016, we have recorded sudden deafness in 16 antepartum (mean age, 32 years) and 3 postpartum (mean age, 31 years) women. Sudden deafness occurred during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters in 5, 4, and 7 antepartum women, respectively. In contrast, the mean interval between giving birth and symptom onset in the 3 postpartum women was 18 days. Each patient underwent an inner ear test battery. Results: In 8 antepartum women treated by dextran infusion, the outcome as regards hearing was improved in 7 patients (88%) and unchanged in 1 patient. In contrast, the other 8 antepartum women selected no treatment, and only 1 patient (12%) achieved hearing improvement, exhibiting a significantly better outcome when receiving dextran treatment. For the postpartum women, 2 patients had hearing improvement when treated by antioxidants, while 1 patient retained unchanged hearing without treatment. Conclusion: Medication is needed in sudden deafness in antepartum or postpartum women rather than waiting for a natural course. No adverse effects have been identified in any of the mothers or offspring 1 year after delivery.

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Maternal Circulating Dendritic Cell Subtypes at Delivery and During the 1‐Year Postpartum Period

Abstract: The maternal alteration in DCs rapidly normalized within 1.5 months, except for the ldDC fraction, which persisted between 1.5 and 6 months after delivery.

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Innate lymphoid cells are reduced in pregnant HIV positive women and are associated with preterm birth

Sudden Deafness during Antepartum versus Postpartum Periods

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