Maternal diabetes or hypertension and lifestyle factors may be associated with metabolic syndrome: A population‐based study in Taiwan

Abstract

Early detection and interventions for metabolic syndrome (MetS) are the most cost-effective methods for preventing many chronic diseases. There have been discordant findings in various countries due to different genetics and lifestyles. The goal of this study was to investigate the association of MetS with parental diseases, a Chinese-style diet, and rural-urban regional differences with a large-scale epidemiological survey in Taiwan. Data were obtained from the Taiwanese Survey on Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, and Hyperlipidemia (TwSHHH), a cross-sectional population-based study with multistage stratified random sampling conducted by the Taiwan Bureau of Health Promotion in 2002. Public health nurses visited homes to conduct the survey, including blood drawing and an interview. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used for exploring the factors associated with MetS. A total of 6591 people completed data for analysis. Our results revealed that older age, male sex, and maternal diabetes or hypertension, were significantly associated with MetS. Eating poultry with skin and fat and eating a bean-free diet may be associated with a higher risk of MetS. People who exercised regularly and the residents of the Taipei metropolitan area had a lower prevalence of MetS. As a result, people with maternal diabetes or hypertension should pay attention to their cardiovascular health and prevention of MetS. We suggest that eating skinless and low-fat poultry, eating more beans, and exercising regularly, may decrease the risk of MetS. We should make an effort to advocate for health promotion, including lifestyle modification, especially among the high-risk population and among residents in rural areas with limited medical resources.

Модифікація Способу Життя Та Дієтичне Харчування Хворих На Артеріальну Гіпертензію У поєднанні З Цукровим Діабетом: Рекомендації Європейських Консенсусів Та Реалії Життя (Огляд Літератури)

“…Останнім десятиліттям проведе-но низку епідеміологічних досліджень щодо ролі здо-рового харчування й окремих нутрієнтів із первин-ної профілактики при АГ, АО, ЦД 2-го типу (OMNI HEART study, Mediterranean Diet, MUFA diet study, ATTICA registry, EPIC, SUN, PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea, PREDIMED study). Відомі також до-слідження щодо профілактики та сприятливих ефек-тів антигіпертензивних, антидіабетичних і анорекси-генних препаратів (KOPS, EPIC, STORM, XENDOS, RIO-EUROPA, RIO-DIABETES, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…Наприкінці минулого сторіччя отримано дані щодо впливу окремих нутрієнтів на рівні АТ та глі-кемії [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][68][69][70][71][72][73].Серед продуктів харчування, що містять речовини й компоненти, які поліпшують функцію ендотелію, слід назвати антоціаніни, фла-воноїдні полімери, флавоноли, ізофлавони, полі-феноли, станоли, фолієву кислоту, антиоксиданти, лютеїн, резвератрол. Метааналіз 36 досліджень із се-редньодобовим споживанням 3,7 г риб'ячого жиру демонструє вірогідне зниження АТ на 2,1/1,6 мм рт.ст.…”

An Overview of Metabolic Syndrome in Turkish Population

“…The consequences of excess energy intake that characterizes MetS are obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension which show that causes of MetS are largely dietary in origin [32]. Therefore, the risk of MetS was found to increase due to a Western diet or a diet with high-glycaemic-load while Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may reduce the risk [33]. Also, a recent investigation on the association of MetS with Chinese-style diet showed that eating poultry with skin and eating a bean-free diet may be associated with high MetSrisk [33].…”

“…Therefore, the risk of MetS was found to increase due to a Western diet or a diet with high-glycaemic-load while Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may reduce the risk [33]. Also, a recent investigation on the association of MetS with Chinese-style diet showed that eating poultry with skin and eating a bean-free diet may be associated with high MetSrisk [33]. These kinds of high-energy, carbohydrate-rich, hyperlipidaemic diets which contain high amounts of fats, animal proteins, sugars, fructose, refined grains, salt, sweetened beverages and low amounts of fibre, fruits-vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts were linked to excess cholesterol and saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake [33], to inflammatory state induced by high energy (largely from fats) intake that causes insulin resistance and the problem of excess energy disposal [32], to proinflammatory milieu marked by high levels of cytokines which could induce insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and endothelial dysfunction [30], to elevated triglyceride, fasting blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure, and to reduced HDL-C due to high percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates and high intake of refined grains and rice [34] and were hence found to lead to MetS and its gradually increasing prevalence.…”

“…Excessive exposure to dietary fat may play a key role in MetS development [29]. High prevalence of obesity and MetS in some developing countries was thought to result from high dietary fat intake and low physical activity level [33]. The amount and kind of dietary fatty acids can deteriorate some parameters involved in MetS due to their influence on plasma triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) concentrations by SFAs or on reducing HDL-C concentrations and increased LDL oxidation induced by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs).…”