Maternal diets with low healthy eating index or mediterranean diet adherence scores are associated with high cord-blood insulin levels and insulin resistance markers at birth

Abstract

Maternal diets with low HEI- or MDA-scores during the first trimester of pregnancy negatively affect insulin resistance markers at birth.

Adherence to Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and serum lipid, lipoprotein and homocysteine concentrations at birth

“…Details of MDA-score used in the present paper have been explained in Gesteiro et al [18]. Thus, the MDAscore of 14 points used in the PREDIMED study [23] was modified to 13-point MDA-score taking into account that wine should not be consumed through the whole pregnancy [18,24]. Each of the 13 components comprising the MDA-score contributes a maximum of one point to the final score.…”

“…The dietician reviewed, together with the volunteer, the usual consumption frequency of each food (per day/week/month), together with the normal food helping size, and specific information for mineral-vitamin supplements. Details of MDA-score used in the present paper have been explained in Gesteiro et al [18]. Thus, the MDAscore of 14 points used in the PREDIMED study [23] was modified to 13-point MDA-score taking into account that wine should not be consumed through the whole pregnancy [18,24].…”

“…An extra survey based on the 13 MDA-points was performed to search for major dietary changes occurring during late pregnancy. The cutoff point for the MDAscore <7 was selected to define low MDA [18]. After delivery, dietary changes through pregnancy were considered.…”

“…Details of dietary collection and managements have been already published [18]. Briefly, participants, guided by a trained dietician, completed a FFQ that included 169 items classified according to food groups and based on FFQs used and validated previously.…”

“…This food combination assures a proper fatty acid (FA) profile and a large content of vitamins as well as bioactive and antioxidant compounds. Mothers following diets with high adherence to MD (MDA) during pregnancy deliver infants with low insulinemia and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at birth [18]. Total homocysteine (tHcys) in serum has received interest during the last few decades because hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with increased risk of degenerative diseases such as CVD, renal disease and neurodegenerative processes [19,20].…”