Maternal effects and early-life performance are associated with parasite resistance across life in free-living Soay sheep

Hayward, Adam D.; Pilkington, Jill G.; Pemberton, Josephine M.; Kruuk, Loeske E. B.

doi:10.1017/s0031182010000193

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Twin foetuses develop a between-them competition for nutrients, are enveloped by a smaller placenta than single foetuses and live in a restricted physical space . The findings of Hayward et al (2010) are in line with the 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' concept (formerly known as foetal programming or the Barker hypothesis), which implicates early in utero development and the maternal environment experienced during that period as being of significance to development of disease in adulthood (Fleming et al, 2012).…”

Section: Number Of Ovulations and Conceptionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep

Fthenakis

Mavrogianni

Gallidis

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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This review article summarises the many reports in the literature, confirming that, in sheep, parasitic infections can adversely affect reproductive efficiency; examples, which refer to all parts of the reproductive cycle of sheep, are as follows: trichostrongylosis in ewe-lambs (which can lead to delayed attainment of puberty), myiosis of the prepuce (which can cause impediment of mating), chorioptic mange or trypanosomosis in rams (which can lead to testicular degeneration or azoospermia, respectively), trypanosomosis or sarcoptic mange in pre-conceptual ewes (which can lead to poor conception rates or reduced number of ovulations, respectively), toxoplasmosis or neosporosis in pregnant ewes (which are causes of abortion), trichostrongylosis or trematode infections in lactating ewes (which can cause reduction of milk yield and can be a risk factor for mastitis, respectively), cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs (which can be a cause of deaths), coccidiosis in growing pre-weaned lambs (which can cause suboptimal growth rate). In other cases, the reproductive status of the animal can influence the parasitic infection; examples are as follows: the increase in faecal parasitic output during the peri-parturient period (as a consequence of the peri-parturient relaxation of immunity), the heavier trichostrongylid infections of twin lambs compared to lambs from single parities (as a consequence of developmental origin issues in twin lambs). All the above examples support the idea of presence of interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep.

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Section: Number Of Ovulations and Conceptionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Lambs from multiple parities were found to be more heavily infected with trichostrongylids than lambs from single parities (Hayward et al, 2010). Twin foetuses develop a between-them competition for nutrients, are enveloped by a smaller placenta than single foetuses and live in a restricted physical space .…”

Section: Number Of Ovulations and Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep

Fthenakis

Mavrogianni

Gallidis

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…We controlled for age at measurement and sex as fixed effects and individual identity, mother's identity, and year of measurement as random effects, to account for repeated measures across these scales, as well as maternal effects [50] and between-year variation in nematode transmission intensity (Materials and Methods, model 1) [51],[52]. Individual identity also accounts for sources of between-individual variation, including behaviour and spatial variation in habitat quality and exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Selection on Individual Variation in Tolerance of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection

et al. 2014

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“…2001; Hayward et al. 2010). The winter of 2011/2012 was a “crash,” and so, the samples collected in summer 2012 came from animals that had survived a harsh winter and were currently experiencing relatively low competition for food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Soay sheep on Hirta follow unstable population dynamics, characterized by years of low and rising numbers followed by high mortality "crash" winters during which over 60% of the population can perish (Clutton-Brock & Pemberton 2004). Thus, competition for food varies dramatically among years on Hirta, alongside variation in climatic conditions and parasite exposure (Coulson et al 2001;Hayward et al 2010). The winter of 2011/2012 was a "crash," and so, the samples collected in summer 2012 came from animals that had survived a harsh winter and were currently experiencing relatively low competition for food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma markers of oxidative stress are uncorrelated in a wild mammal

Christensen

Selman

Blount

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between the production of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species versus antioxidant defenses and repair mechanisms, has been proposed as an important mediator of life‐history trade‐offs. A plethora of biomarkers associated with oxidative stress exist, but few ecological studies have examined the relationships among different markers in organisms experiencing natural conditions or tested whether those relationships are stable across different environments and demographic groups. It is therefore not clear to what extent studies of different markers can be compared, or whether studies that focus on a single marker can draw general conclusions regarding oxidative stress. We measured widely used markers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) from 706 plasma samples collected over a 4‐year period in a wild population of Soay sheep on St Kilda. We quantified the correlation structure among these four markers across the entire sample set and also within separate years, age groups (lambs and adults), and sexes. We found some moderately strong correlations between some pairs of markers when data from all 4 years were pooled. However, these correlations were caused by considerable among‐year variation in mean marker values; correlation coefficients were small and not significantly different from zero after accounting for among‐year variation. Furthermore, within each year, age, and sex subgroup, the pairwise correlation coefficients among the four markers were weak, nonsignificant, and distributed around zero. In addition, principal component analysis confirmed that the four markers represented four independent axes of variation. Our results suggest that plasma markers of oxidative stress may vary dramatically among years, presumably due to environmental conditions, and that this variation can induce population‐level correlations among markers even in the absence of any correlations within contemporaneous subgroups. The absence of any consistent correlations within years or demographic subgroups implies that care must be taken when generalizing from observed relationships with oxidative stress markers, as each marker may reflect different and potentially uncoupled biochemical processes.

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Maternal effects and early-life performance are associated with parasite resistance across life in free-living Soay sheep

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep

Interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep

Natural Selection on Individual Variation in Tolerance of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection

Plasma markers of oxidative stress are uncorrelated in a wild mammal

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