Maternal Expressions (Serum Levels) of Alpha Tumour Necrosis Factor, Interleukin 10, Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 4 in Malaria Infected Pregnant Women Based on Parity in a Tertiary Hospital in Southeast, Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria has been reported as a condition caused by infestation with Plasmodium parasite specie, which is a great public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study was carried out in Federal Medical Centre Umuahia in Abia State, Nigeria. The study was done to determine the maternal serum levels of alpha tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 10, interleukin 6, and interleukin 4 in malaria-infected pregnant women based on parities in Southeast, Nigeria. A total of 150 subjects between the ages of 18-45 years were recruited for the study comprising 50 subjects each of 3 parities (groups A-C). A commercial ELISA Kit was used to measure all the cytokines. Neither statistically significant differences were found for TNF-α (p=0.636), IL-10 (p=0.892), IL-6 (p=0.306) and IL-4 (p=0.222) between prime parity and second parity nor for TNF-α (p=0.356), IL-10 (p=0.896), IL-6 (p=0.304) and IL-4 (p=0.298) between prime parity and multi-parity of malaria-infected pregnant women. TNF-α (p=0.255), IL-10 (p=0.524), IL-6 (p=0.616), and IL-4 (p=0.672) between second parity and on multi-parity respectively. The study showed no changes in the cytokines studied among the malaria-infected pregnant women based on parities. It shows that the number of pregnancies in women infected with malaria has no changes in the levels of the cytokines studied.

The Vital Role of Blood Transfusions during Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review

“…In cases of obstetric trauma during childbirth or surgical complications, such as uterine rupture or severe lacerations, immediate transfusions may be necessary to stabilize the patient and restore blood volume. [31][32][33][34] Transfusion protocols for obstetric hemorrhage involve rapid assessment, identification of the bleeding source, and simultaneous resuscitative measures. Timely administration of blood products, including packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and sometimes clotting factors, is essential to replace lost blood volume and correct coagulopathies.…”

Prevalence and Socio-demographic Characteristics of Malaria in Pregnancy among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda

“…Pregnant women on antimalarial chemoprophylaxis are at a reduced risk of the harmful effects of malaria, while ITNs reduce human contact with mosquitoes, leading to a significant reduction in the incidence of malaria, severe morbidity, and mortality due to malaria, as well as helping to reduce the adverse effects of malaria during pregnancy in an area of intense malaria transmission [12]. Asymptomatic malaria increases the risk of stillbirths, spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and low birth weight [13]. Yet it has rarely been a major research focus.…”

Factors Influencing Antenatal Care Service Utilization among Pregnant Mothers: A Study at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi District

“…Antenatal care (ANC) helps to ensure the well-being of the mother and foetus through early detection of pregnancy risks, prevention of pregnancy and labour complications, and safe delivery of mother and child [1,2]. Maternal and reproductive health services in health systems constitute a large range of curative and preventative health services of particular importance to the health of women of reproductive age [3]. It also refers to population-based services such as behaviour change and health communication.…”