Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Weight in Adolescence

Oken, Emily; Rifas‐Shiman, Sheryl L.; Field, Alison E.; Frazier, A. Lindsay; Gillman, Matthew W.

doi:10.1097/01.aoa.0000362070.37398.1c

Cited by 107 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…26 GWG is positively associated with birth weight even when stratifying on factors such as maternal BMI, age, parity and educational level. 27 In accordance with others, [11][12][13][14][15][16] our data suggest that birth weight is not a predominant mediator of the effect of GWG on offspring BMI. Instead, these intrauterine effects could be related to permanent modulation of appetite control, neuro-endocrine pathways influencing adipose tissue development and function or Gestational weight gain and offspring obesity L Schack-Nielsen et al energy metabolism causing development of obesity in later life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…16 In three of these studies, [11][12][13] the prevalence of maternal and childhood overweight was higher than in our study. This consistency is particularly important because our cohort had an overrepresentation of mothers with previous or current pregnancy complications as well as single mothers, whereas the study populations of the other studies were characterized as socially advantaged, 11,15 nationally representative 12 or multiethnic. 14 In contrast, studies with other primary focuses have reported no effect of GWG on offspring BMI in childhood 25 or young adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,9,10 Such acceleration has been observed in the stepwise development of the obesity epidemic in Denmark, where the second phase was much steeper than the first phase. 1 Furthermore, a high gestational weight gain (GWG) has recently been associated with an increased risk of overweight in children aged 2-14 years [11][12][13][14][15] and in 21-year olds, 16 after adjusting for maternal BMI. Thus, recommenda-tions for GWG may also need to take into account the longterm effects on the offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with childhood obesity. We analyzed whether this effect persists into adulthood and is mediated by effects in childhood. Design: The design of the study a prospective birth cohort study established in [1959][1960][1961]. Subjects: The subjects were offspring (n ¼ 4234 of whom 2485 had information from the last follow-up) of mothers included in 'The Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort' during pregnancy or at birth. Measurements: Information on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG and several potential confounders were collected around delivery. Information on offspring BMI was available from various follow-up examinations from 1 to 42 years of age. The association of GWG with offspring BMI was analyzed by regression models including confounders. Using path analysis, the association of GWG with adult BMI was disentangled into an association mediated through childhood BMI and one independent hereof. Results: GWG was associated with offspring BMI at all ages. At the age of 42 years (n ¼ 1540), there was an increasing risk of obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.14 per kg GWG, P ¼ 0.003). Only half of the association of GWG on offspring adult BMI was mediated through birth weight and BMI up to 14 years of age. Conclusion: Greater GWG is associated with an increased BMI in childhood through adulthood and with an increased risk of obesity in adults. Only part of the association with adult BMI is mediated by childhood BMI, suggesting that excessive GWG induces a persisting susceptibility to obesogenic environments. As GWG is greater in women with small pre-pregnancy body weight, this implies a reinforcement of the obesity epidemic in the next generation. Our findings provide support for avoiding excessive GWG.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observation that excessive GWG in the third trimester is associated with a risk for childhood overweight while its avoidance is protective matches the available evidence for the association between excessive total GWG and childhood overweight (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) and reflects the high positive predictive value of excessive third trimester for total excessive GWG (81.4%, 85.0%, 90.0% and 96.1% for obese, overweight, normal weight, and underweight mothers, respectively) demonstrated recently (16). Importantly, the association could not be explained by maternal BMI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Effective early preventive strategies are therefore urgently needed. A growing body of longitudinal research indicates that childhood overweight (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) and higher proportions of body fat in children (8,14) are associated with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) via mechanisms referred to as foetal programming (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late pregnancy reversal from excessive gestational weight gain lowers risk of childhood overweight-A cohort study

Kries

Chmitorz

Rasmussen

et al. 2013

Obesity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Whether reversal to adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) in the third trimester reverses the risk for childhood overweight associated with excessive GWG is assessed. Design and Methods: In a retrospective cohort study in 6,665 mother-child pairs, pre-pregnancy weight and the temporal course of GWG were collected from medical records. Overweight as defined by International Obesity Task Force was assessed at a mean age of 5.8 years. Main exposures were exceeding week-specific cut-off values for GWG in the third trimester or any previous trimester. Logistic regression models, adjusted for possible confounding factors, were used to predict the risk of childhood overweight from excessive GWG in the third trimester with stratification by excessive GWG in previous trimesters. Results: In the final model, women who avoided excessive GWG in the third trimester had children with a 31% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59, 0.82) lower probability being overweight. A similar association was observed for reversing from excessive GWG in the first or second trimester to normal GWG in the third trimester: 27% (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.99). Conclusions: Avoidance of excessive GWG in the third trimester is associated with lower risk of childhood overweight even in case of excessive GWG in the first or second trimester.

show abstract

Association Between Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Plasma Folate Concentrations With Child Metabolic Health

Wang

Mistry

et al. 2016

JAMA Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE Previous reports have linked maternal prepregnancy obesity with low folate concentrations and child overweight or obesity (OWO) in separate studies. To our knowledge, the role of maternal folate concentrations, alone or in combination with maternal OWO, in child metabolic health has not been examined in a prospective birth cohort.OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that maternal folate concentrations can significantly affect child metabolic health and that sufficient maternal folate concentrations can mitigate prepregnancy obesity-induced child metabolic risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis prospective birth cohort study was conducted at the Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. It included 1517 mother-child dyads recruited at birth from 1998 to 2012 and followed up prospectively up to 9 years from 2003 to 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESChild body mass index z score calculated according to US reference data, OWO defined as a body mass index in the 85th percentile or greater for age and sex, and metabolic biomarkers (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin). RESULTSThe mean (SD) age was 28.6 (6.5) years for mothers and 6.2 (2.4) years for the children. An L-shaped association between maternal folate concentrations and child OWO was observed: the risk for OWO was higher among those in the lowest quartile (Q1) as compared with those in Q2 through Q4, with an odds ratio of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.13-1.87). The highest risk for child OWO was found among children of obese mothers with low folate concentrations (odds ratio, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.91-4.86) compared with children of normal-weight mothers with folate concentrations in Q2 through Q4 after accounting for multiple covariables. Among children of obese mothers, their risk for OWO was associated with a 43% reduction (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.95) if their mothers had folate concentrations in Q2 through Q4 compared with Q1. Similar patterns were observed for child metabolic biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this urban low-income prospective birth cohort, we demonstrated an L-shaped association between maternal plasma folate concentrations and child OWO and the benefit of sufficient folate concentrations, especially among obese mothers. The threshold concentration identified in this study exceeded the clinical definition of folate deficiency, which was primarily based on the hematological effect of folate. Our findings underscore the need to establish optimal rather than minimal folate concentrations for preventing adverse metabolic outcomes in the offspring.

show abstract

Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Weight in Adolescence

Cited by 107 publications

References 18 publications

Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

Late pregnancy reversal from excessive gestational weight gain lowers risk of childhood overweight-A cohort study

Association Between Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Plasma Folate Concentrations With Child Metabolic Health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About