Maternal insulin resistance, triglycerides and cord blood insulin are not determinants of offspring growth and adiposity up to 5 years: a follow‐up study

Meyer, Dorothy; Brei, Christina; Stecher, Lynne; Brunner, Stefanie; Hauner, Hans

doi:10.1111/dme.13765

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, only in 1 previous small prospective cohort study was SCF measured in childhood using ultrasound. Their results did not reveal any significant association between maternal lipids and SCF ( 36 ), which is in agreement with our findings. To draw firm conclusions whether maternal lipid levels lead to accumulation of adipose tissue at certain locations, more research on this adiposity measure is warranted in humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous research on the association between maternal antepartum lipids and offspring adiposity reported inconsistent results. While some studies found a significant positive association between maternal lipids and an offspring’s adiposity at age 3-6 ( 14-16 , 36 ), our results are in line with 2 studies with large sample sizes (n = 1153 and n = 819), demonstrating no association of maternal lipids with an offspring’s adiposity at ages 6 and 7 ( 18 , 19 ). Both studies measured several adiposity outcomes and corrected for multiple relevant variables, which makes them similar to our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The blood sample of maternal lipids was taken in a nonfasting state; therefore, variation in diet, which has a great impact on lipid levels ( 53 ), could not be corrected for and might have led to misclassification, albeit we think that this misclassification is nondifferential and could have resulted in regression to the mean. Several previous cohort studies used fasting blood samples ( 15-17 , 19 , 36 , 37 ). However, humans live in a nonfasting state most of the day, thus the current approach might have led to a more precise estimation of the true intrauterine exposures of the fetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Maternal Lipid Blood Levels at the 13th Week of Pregnancy and Offspring’s Adiposity at Age 11-12 Years

Baas

Hutten

Henrichs

et al. 2022

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context There is increasing evidence that intra-uterine lipid metabolism influences the adiposity of the newborn and the first years thereafter. It remains unclear if these effects persist when these children are growing older. Objective This study examined the associations between maternal lipid blood levels during 13 th week of pregnancy and offspring’s adiposity, measured at age 11-12, and if these associations were moderated by the child’s sex. Methods Data were obtained from a community-based birth cohort, the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. At a median of 13 weeks’ gestation, non-fasting blood samples of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFA) and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/ApoA1) were measured. Offspring’s body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat (SCF), waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR) and fat percentage (fat%) were measured at age 11-12. Mothers with at-term born children were included (n=1,853). Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between maternal lipids and each offspring’s adiposity outcome, separately. Sex differences were additionally evaluated. Results TG, TC, ApoB/ApoA1 and FFA were significantly positively associated with BMI, WHtR and fat% (adjusted for gestational age at blood sampling, child’s age, sex and sexual maturation). After additional adjustments for potential confounders and covariates, only TG remained significantly associated with WHtR (0.45, 95%CI: -0.007; 0.91). There were no associations between maternal lipids and SCF and no clear sex-specific results were found. Conclusion Overall, our results do not strongly support that maternal lipid profile during 13 th week of pregnancy has programming effects on adiposity in preadolescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Associations Between Maternal Lipid Blood Levels at the 13th Week of Pregnancy and Offspring’s Adiposity at Age 11-12 Years

Baas

Hutten

Henrichs

et al. 2022

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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show abstract

“…A prospective cohort study ( n = 272) from Canada found that maternal insulin sensitivity at 24–28th gestational weeks was a significantly negative independent predictor of offspring weight gain from birth to 12 months of age and offspring overweight at 12 months of age 29 . However, a 5‐year follow‐up study ( n = 208) indicated that increased maternal insulin resistance at 32th gestational weeks was not a determinant of offspring overweight at 2 years of age and at 3–5 years of age 30,31 . In this regard, our study showed that increased maternal insulin resistance at 24–28th gestational weeks was an independent predictor of offspring overweight before 24 months of age.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Maternal insulin resistance and maternal β‐cell function during pregnancy for offspring overweight before 2 years of age among women with gestational diabetes

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Pediatric Obesity

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Objective: To explore associations of maternal insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction with offspring overweight before 24 months of age among children of Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: Offspring of women with GDM (n = 901) who were enrolled in a lifestyle trial during pregnancy were followed up to 24 months of age in Tianjin, China.Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to examine full-range associations of maternal homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-%β) with childhood overweight. Logistic regression was performed to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of maternal high HOMA-IR and low HOMA-%β at diagnosis of GDM for offspring overweight within 12 months of age and at 13-24 months of age.Results: Maternal high HOMA-IR was associated with an increased risk of offspring being overweight within 12 months of age and at 13-24 months of age (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.12-2.62 & 1.89, 1.13-3.17, respectively). Maternal low HOMA-%β was associated with an increased risk of offspring being overweight at 13-24 months of age (1.64, 1.05-2.55).Conclusions: Both maternal increased insulin resistance and decreased β-cell function at diagnosis of GDM were associated with elevated risk of offspring overweight in early childhood among Chinese women with GDM.

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“…A secondary interest was to identify biomarkers that could predict adiposity outcomes. To this end, we pooled our cohorts to investigate several metabolic and hormonal factors in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk, including adiponectin, leptin, and indices of insulin resistance (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). A description of findings from all secondary analyses is found in Table 1 (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Lessons Learned From the Infat Study: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Maternal Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation as a Primary Strategy to Reduce Offspring Obesity: Lessons From the INFAT Trial and Implications for Future Research

et al. 2020

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Preclinical research suggests that early exposure to LCPUFAs is associated with offspring health outcomes, although evidence in humans is rather unclear. In 2006, we established the Impact of Nutritional Fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation on early human Adipose Tissue development (INFAT) study, a prospective randomized controlled intervention trial that examined whether decreasing the n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio during pregnancy and lactation influences offspring adipose tissue development in children up to 5 years. Our results indicate that maternal supplementation with n-3 LCPUFAs does not reduce offspring obesity risk, which is in line with recent publications. This perspective describes the challenges and lessons learned from our clinical trial. We discuss key findings and critically evaluate differences in study design, methodology, and analyses across similar intervention trials that may partly explain heterogeneous results. Summarizing evidence from human trials, we conclude that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation should not be recommended as a primordial strategy to prevent childhood obesity. Instead, it remains unknown whether n-3 LCPUFA supplementation could benefit high-risk subgroups and some vulnerable maternal/child populations. The perspectives offered herein are derived largely from insights gained from ours and similar n-3 LCPUFA intervention trials and help to provide direction for future research that examines the impact of maternal nutritional exposure on offspring health and disease outcomes.

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Maternal insulin resistance, triglycerides and cord blood insulin are not determinants of offspring growth and adiposity up to 5 years: a follow‐up study

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Associations Between Maternal Lipid Blood Levels at the 13th Week of Pregnancy and Offspring’s Adiposity at Age 11-12 Years

Associations Between Maternal Lipid Blood Levels at the 13th Week of Pregnancy and Offspring’s Adiposity at Age 11-12 Years

Maternal insulin resistance and maternal β‐cell function during pregnancy for offspring overweight before 2 years of age among women with gestational diabetes

Evaluation of Maternal Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation as a Primary Strategy to Reduce Offspring Obesity: Lessons From the INFAT Trial and Implications for Future Research

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