Maternal obesity and offspring risk of chronic kidney disease

Glastras, Sarah J.

doi:10.1111/nep.13462

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We confirmed several other risk factors for CKD in addition to preterm birth, including male sex, congenital anomalies, and maternal obesity, which are consistent with previous findings. 20 35 36 37 38 In contrast with a previous report, 30 we found that maternal pre-eclampsia also was associated with an increased risk of CKD in the offspring. Maternal pre-eclampsia has previously been associated with development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the offspring.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study

Crump

Sundquist

Winkleby

et al. 2019

BMJ

181

130

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Objective To investigate the relation between preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and risk of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. Design National cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants 4 186 615 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973-2014. Exposures Gestational age at birth, identified from nationwide birth records in the Swedish birth registry. Main outcome measures CKD, identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2015 (maximum age 43 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth and risk of CKD while adjusting for potential confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors. Results 4305 (0.1%) participants had a diagnosis of CKD during 87.0 million person years of follow-up. Preterm birth and extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks) were associated with nearly twofold and threefold risks of CKD, respectively, from birth into mid-adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 2.16; P<0.001; 3.01, 1.67 to 5.45; P<0.001). An increased risk was observed even among those born at early term (37-38 weeks) (1.30, 1.20 to 1.40; P<0.001). The association between preterm birth and CKD was strongest at ages 0-9 years (5.09, 4.11 to 6.31; P<0.001), then weakened but remained increased at ages 10-19 years (1.97, 1.57 to 2.49; P<0.001) and 20-43 years (1.34, 1.15 to 1.57; P<0.001). These associations affected both males and females and did not seem to be related to shared genetic or environmental factors in families. Conclusions Preterm and early term birth are strong risk factors for the development of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. People born prematurely need long term follow-up for monitoring and preventive actions to preserve renal function across the life course.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study

Crump

Sundquist

Winkleby

et al. 2019

BMJ

181

130

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“…Conversely, overnutrition in pregnancy is associated, in the short term, with an increase in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and, in the long term, almost paradoxically with the same diseases we find in an under-nourished population [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Of Mice and Men: The Effect of Maternal Protein Restriction on Offspring’s Kidney Health. Are Studies on Rodents Applicable to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients? A Narrative Review

et al. 2020

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In the almost 30 years that have passed since the postulation of the “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” theory, it has been clearly demonstrated that a mother’s dietary habits during pregnancy have potential consequences for her offspring that go far beyond in utero development. Protein malnutrition during pregnancy, for instance, can cause severe alterations ranging from intrauterine growth retardation to organ damage and increased susceptibility to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in life both in experimental animals and humans. Conversely, a balanced mild protein restriction in patients affected by CKD has been shown to mitigate the biochemical derangements associated with kidney disease and even slow its progression. The first reports on the management of pregnant CKD women with a moderately protein-restricted plant-based diet appeared in the literature a few years ago. Today, this approach is still being debated, as is the optimal source of protein during gestation in CKD. The aim of this report is to critically review the available literature on the topic, focusing on the similarities and differences between animal and clinical studies.

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“…The consequences of obesity during pregnancy on the offspring renal function have been examined [28,38] but it was unknown to what extent the physiological renal hemodynamic changes are altered during gestation in overweighted subjects with an early and prolonged HFD. This study reports novel findings showing that RBF increases transitorily in rats with a HFD, but in the absence of a decrease in AP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac, renal and uterine hemodynamics changes throughout pregnancy in rats with a prolonged high fat diet from an early age

et al. 2020

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Objective To examine whether the cardiac, renal and uterine physiological hemodynamic changes during gestation are altered in rats with an early and prolonged exposure to a high fat diet (HFD). Methods Arterial pressure and cardiac, renal, uterine and radial arteries hemodynamic changes during gestation were examined in adult SD rats exposed to normal (13%) (n = 8) or high (60%) (n = 8) fat diets from weaning. Plethysmography, high-resolution high-frequency ultrasonography and clearance of an inulin analog were used to evaluate the arterial pressure and hemodynamic changes before and at days 7, 14 and 19 of gestation. Results Arterial pressure was higher (P<0.05) in rats with high than in those with normal (NFD) fat diet before pregnancy (123 ±3 and 110 ±3 mmHg, respectively) and only decreased at day 14 of gestation in rats with NFD (98±4 mmHg, P<0.05). A significant increment in stroke volume (42 ±10%) and cardiac output (51 ±12%) was found at day 19 of pregnancy in rats with NFD. The changes in stroke volume and cardiac output were similar in rats with NFD and HFD. When compared to the values obtained before pregnancy, a transitory elevation in renal blood flow was found at day 14 of pregnancy in both groups. However, glomerular filtration rate only increased (P<0.05) in rats with NFD at days 14 (20 ±7%) and 19 (27 ±8%) of gestation. The significant elevations of mean velocity, and velocity time integral throughout gestation in radial (127 ±26% and 111 ±23%, respectively) and uterine (91 ±16% and 111 ±25%, respectively) arteries of rats with NFD were not found in rats with an early and prolonged HFD.

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Maternal obesity and offspring risk of chronic kidney disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study

Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study

Of Mice and Men: The Effect of Maternal Protein Restriction on Offspring’s Kidney Health. Are Studies on Rodents Applicable to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients? A Narrative Review

Cardiac, renal and uterine hemodynamics changes throughout pregnancy in rats with a prolonged high fat diet from an early age

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