Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Child Cognition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Basatemür, Emre; Gardiner, J. Stanley; Williams, Charles S.; Melhuish, Edward; Barnes, Jacqueline; Sutcliffe, Alastair

doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0788

Cited by 116 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To date, there have been only a few studies to show the independent associations of maternal prepregnancy obesity and offspring's cognitive development. [43][44][45] Hence, studies in the present review that perceived a negative association between maternal diabetes during pregnancy and offspring's cognitive development could have been confounded by maternal prepregnancy obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

2016

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CONTEXT: The effect of diabetes during pregnancy on the cognitive development of offspring is unclear because of inconsistent findings from limited studies.OBJECTIVE: This review was aimed to provide the best available scientific evidence on the associations between maternal pregnancy diabetes and the cognitive development of offspring. DATA SOURCES:A search was conducted in the Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION:Studies addressing the cognitive development of offspring (aged ≤12 years) as outcome and any diabetes in pregnancy as an exposure were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and evaluated for quality by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were eligible for the review. Ten studies investigated the associations between maternal pregestational diabetes or both pregestational and gestational diabetes and offspring's cognitive development; 6 studies found at least 1 negative association. Four studies exclusively examined the relationships between gestational diabetes and offspring's cognitive development; 2 studies found a negative association, 1 a positive association, and 1 a null association. The use of diverse cognitive and diabetes assessment tools/criteria, as well as statistical power, contributed to the inconsistent findings. LIMITATIONS:The English-language restriction and publication bias in the included studies are potential limitations. CONCLUSIONS:Although there are few data available regarding the associations between maternal pregnancy diabetes and offspring's cognitive development, this review found that maternal diabetes during pregnancy seems to be negatively associated with offspring's cognitive development. Large prospective studies that address potential confounders are needed to confirm the independent effect of maternal diabetes during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

2016

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“…Associations have been reported between prepregnancy obesity and intellectual disability, 12,16 lower cognitive performance, 10,13,14,17,21 ADHD, 11,19,20,32 and autism 15 in children. One null study was also reported; however, it was limited by assessing all overweight and obese women as a single group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Recent epidemiologic studies suggest associations between prepregnancy obesity and various neurodevelopmental outcomes. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] However, these studies were limited by small sample sizes, insufficient information on confounders and mediators, and imprecise neurodevelopment measures. Additionally, 1 study reported no association.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We examined associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and subsequent child psychosocial development using multiple, complementary outcome measures: parent report of children's difficulties, specific developmental disability diagnoses, and receipt of special needs services. Thus, we expanded on many previous studies' findings that focused more narrowly on cognitive performance 10,13,14,17,21 and incorporated measures of developmental difficulties not solely dependent on a past diagnosis or parents specifically seeking services, but also measures based on parents' direct observations. Additionally, we examined the effects of numerous factors potentially in the causal pathway, including pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding, and postpartum depression.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopment. METHODS:The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a US nationally distributed longitudinal study of maternal health and infant health and feeding practices, was conducted from 2005 to 2007. In 2012, mothers were recontacted for information on their children's health and development. We examined associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child psychosocial development in 1311 mother-child pairs included in this follow-up study. Children's development was assessed by maternal report of child psychosocial difficulties from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, past developmental diagnoses, and receipt of special needs services.RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, children of obese class II/III mothers (BMI .35.0) had increased odds of emotional symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.98), peer problems (aOR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.26-3.40), total psychosocial difficulties (aOR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.24-3.77), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis (aOR 4.55; 95% CI, 1.80-11.46), autism or developmental delay diagnosis (aOR 3.13; 95% CI, 1.10-8.94), receipt of speech language therapy (aOR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.18-3.15), receipt of psychological services (aOR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09-4.73), and receipt of any special needs service (aOR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.33-2.97) compared with children of normal weight mothers ). Adjustment for potential causal pathway factors including pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, postpartum depression, and child's birth weight did not substantially affect most estimates.CONCLUSIONS: Children whose mothers were severely obese before pregnancy had increased risk for adverse developmental outcomes.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades; however, the full long-term effects of prepregnancy obesity on a child' s psychosocial development remain unknown. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child psychosocial development. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study in 6-year-old children provides evidence that severe prepregnancy obesity is associated with adverse child psychosocial outcomes, including attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. These findings were not explained by many pregnancy and postpartum factors related to maternal obesity or child development.

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“…Animal and human studies have shown that maternal obesity during pregnancy predisposes the offspring to develop metabolic disorders [16][17][18] and increases the risk of cognitive decline later in life [19], associated with alterations in brain development, hypothalamic organisation and metabolism in the adult offspring [20,21]. A reduction in cognitive development and performance was recently reported at early life stages or in pre-school/school children born to obese mothers [22,23]. Nevertheless, in vivo brain glucose metabolism, in the context of fetal programming and maternal obesity, has not been specifically investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal high-fat feeding leads to alterations of brain glucose metabolism in the offspring: positron emission tomography study in a porcine model

et al. 2016

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Aims/hypothesis Maternal obesity negatively affects fetal development. Abnormalities in brain glucose metabolism are predictive of metabolic-cognitive disorders. Methods We studied the offspring (aged 0, 1, 6, 12 months) of minipigs fed a normal vs high-fat diet (HFD), by positron emission tomography (PET) to measure brain glucose metabolism, and ex vivo assessments of brain insulin receptors (IRβ) and GLUT4. Results At birth, brain glucose metabolism and IRβ were twice as high in the offspring of HFD-fed than control mothers. During infancy and youth, brain glucose uptake, GLUT4 and IRβ increased in the offspring of control mothers and decreased in those of HFD-fed mothers, leading to a 40-85% difference (p < 0.05), and severe glycogen depletion, lasting until adulthood. Conclusions/interpretation Maternal high-fat feeding leads to brain glucose overexposure during fetal development, followed by long-lasting depression in brain glucose metabolism in minipigs. These features may predispose the offspring to develop metabolic-neurodegenerative diseases.

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Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Child Cognition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Cited by 116 publications

References 28 publications

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

Maternal high-fat feeding leads to alterations of brain glucose metabolism in the offspring: positron emission tomography study in a porcine model

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