Maternal risk factors and periodontal disease: A cross-sectional study among postpartum mothers in Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Background and Aim:It is inconclusive that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm and/or low birth weight babies.Settings and Design:This was a prospective cross-sectional study. After prior informed consent, 3500 postpartum mothers were selected from various hospitals in Tamil Nadu and categorized into the following groups: group-1 – Normal term normal birth weight (n = 1100); Group-2 – Preterm normal birth weight (n = 400); Group-3 – preterm low birth weight (PTLBW) (n = 1000); and Group-4 – Normal term low birth weight (n = 1000). Periodontal examination was done, and risk factors were ascertained by means of questionnaire and medical records.Statistical Analysis:Comparison between case groups and control groups were done, odds ratio (OR) was calculated, and statistical significance were assessed by Chi-square tests. To control for the possible confounders, all variables with P < 0.05 were selected and entered into multivariate regression model, and OR and 95% confidence limits were again estimated. SPSS-15 software was used.Results:Periodontitis was diagnosed in 54.8%, 52.3%, 53.8%, 59.4%, respectively. On comparison between the groups, none of periodontal parameters showed significant association except for the crude association observed in Group-4 for mild periodontitis (OR - 1.561; P = 0.000) and PTLBW.Conclusion:Periodontitis is not a significant independent risk factor, and obstetric factors contribute a major risk for preterm and/or low birth weight babies

Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women and Impact on in Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia

“…In Jordan, another study reported a slightly higher prevalence (31%) of periodontal disease was documented in pregnant women [29]. In India, Govindasamy et al recently reported that over half (54.8%) of postpartum women had periodontal diseases [30], which was nears to our results. In Mali, West Africa, another study was carried out among 74 pregnant women reported; 49% of cases diagnosed with periodontitis [31].…”

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

“…This finding was found to be higher than the studies conducted in Sudan, 24.0%, 17 in Tanzania, 14.2%, 14 in Brazil, 17.24%, 83 and in Jordan, 31%. 15 In contrast to this, this study was found to be lower as compared with the studies conducted in Amsterdam, 67%, 84 in India, 54.8%, 13 and in China, 84.7%. 85 This discrepancy might be due to different populations, study designs, variation in sample size, and the use of different tools that may contribute to the differences observed.…”

“…The prevalence of the periodontal disease is varied across different settings and populations, for instance, the reported prevalence of PD in the United States (US), 10 Latin America, 11 and India 12 was 50%, 40–80%, and 96.3%, respectively. The prevalence of periodontitis among pregnant women is also varied across different parts of the world 13–15 such as 11% in Brazil, 10 60.5% in Rwanda, 16 24.0% in Sudan, 17 and 42.4% in Northwest Ethiopia. 18 …”

Prevalence of and risk factors for periodontal disease among pregnant women in an antenatal care clinic in Khartoum, Sudan

“…A slightly higher prevalence (31%) of periodontal disease was documented in pregnant women in Jordan [13]. Interestingly, Govindasamy et al recently reported that over half (54.8%) of postpartum women in India had periodontal diseases [11]. Moreover, much higher rates (84.7% and 73.9%) of periodontal disease were reported among women of childbearing age (preconception) in China [20,21].…”

“…The prevalence of periodontal disease among pregnant women varies in different populations [11][12][13]. Moreover, several factors such as age, parity, lower level of education and anaemia were identified as risk factors for periodontal disease during pregnancy [4,14].…”