Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major risk factor for death and disease in the fetus and newborn infant. However, the study about LBW and maternal risk factors involved in Indonesia is still limited. Objective: The present study attempted to examine the association of maternal risk factors including mother’s age, mother and husband education, mother and husband occupation and wealth, ANC visit, desired pregnancy and obstetric complication toward the occurrence of low birth weight infant across region and family wealthy. Methods: This study employed the data from the national survey of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The latest births from married women who gave birth within 2 years (2011 and 2012) preceding the IDHS were considered as sample selection. It was approximately 15,126 respondents. The predicted risks of low birth weight were estimated using multilevel logistic analysis. Results: Data were collected on 15,126 pregnant women who reported 10.2% were with LBW infants. When using the multilevel logistic analysis, the factors associated with LBW were maternal delivery-baby age, mother’s education, antenatal care and pregnancy complication at significant levels of 0.01. Conclusion: The prevalence of preterm infants in this study was quite high. Factors affecting LBW were maternal age, maternal education, ANC visits and pregnancy complication. The ANC visit of pregnant women is a potential and feasible activity to reduce the incidence of LBW.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Among Babies Delivered at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Nepal

“…Multiple studies shows that birth weight of babies was influenced significantly by the number of antenatal checkups made by mother. 9,10,13,[15][16][17] In this study we also found statistically significant association of poor antenatal checkups with LBW (p = 0.004).…”

“…10 Various studies done, for example, by Badshah et al, Swarnalatha et al, Agarwal et al, Yadav et al, Anjum et al, Agrawal et al, Siramaneerat et al all showed significant association between maternal educational level and LBW. 5,9,11,[13][14][15][16] But different studies also showed no association between residency and LBW. 11,13 Our study showed significant association between residence of mother with LBW (p = 0.017).…”

Socioeconomic Disparities of Low Birth Weight in Rural Indonesia

“…ANC provides routine monitoring of height and weight gain, identification of maternal or fetal medical problems, counseling on tobacco or substance use, providing psychosocial support, nutritional advice, and early intervention that can reduce adverse pregnancy output including LBW. Access to high-quality ANC should be emphasized as it not only improves maternal health but also provides opportunities for counseling and other risk assessment related to pregnancy 7 Unlike Indonesia, in Ghana, the local government recommends ANC visits. during pregnancy for 8 times.…”

“…In general, LBW describes maternal health conditions, maternal malnutrition, irregular access to ANC services, and the mother's low socioeconomic status 5,7,8 . Several studies explain that the factors that cause LBW include maternal factors, nutritional factors, social factors, medical factors, environmental factors, and socio-cultural factors 5 .…”

Magnitude, risk factors and outcome of low birth weight babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre in Puducherry, India

“…Cases of morbidity and mortality include infectious disease, stunted in childhood period and underweight are common in LBW babies. 8 With the above background, this study was undertaken to determine the magnitude, risk factors and outcome of LBW babies to elaborate proper strategies to improve the survival of LBW babies.…”