Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development

Escobar, Gabriella Morreale de; Obregón, Marı́a Jesús; Rey, Francisco Escobar del

doi:10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.012

Cited by 496 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Particularly important is the role of thyroid hormones in normal brain development and cognition. It has been shown that insufficient iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation and in newborns may lead to irreversible brain damage (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The severity of this impairment varies from cretinism, in regions of severe iodine deficiency (ID), to the inability of children to achieve their potential intelligence quotient, when iodine intake is mildly to moderately insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1990 it has been accepted as a basic human right that every child has the right to an adequate supply of iodine to ensure its normal development and that every mother has the right to an adequate iodine nutrition to ensure that her unborn child reaches its potential mental development (4). Further, it is believed that iodine-related neurodevelopmental deficits of future generations can be prevented by promoting universal salt iodination and the use of iodine supplements from the onset of pregnancy or when pregnancy is planned (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine Status of Pregnant Women and Their Progeny in the Minho Region of Portugal

Costeira

Oliveira

Segura

et al. 2009

Thyroid

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Background: Iodine sufficiency is particularly necessary throughout pregnancy, given its recognized impact on psychomotor performance of the offspring. There are no recent reports about iodine status or supplementation in Portugal, a country that the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders considered, in 2004, to have probably reached iodine sufficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate in the Minho region of Portugal the iodine status of women throughout pregnancy and after delivery, and of their offspring. Methods: Urinary iodine concentration (UI) was determined in 78 nonpregnant premenopausal women, in 140 pregnant women in the three trimesters of pregnancy and after delivery, and in their 142 offspring. Milk iodine concentration was determined at day 3 and 3 months after delivery. The thyroid volume was determined in women in the third trimester of pregnancy and 3 months after delivery and in infants at 3 months of age. Results: Based on the World Health Organization criteria, both nonpregnant and pregnant women had iodine deficiency (ID), as documented by median UI of <75 mg=L and milk iodine concentration of <100 mg=L. Goiter was observed in 14% of the pregnant women. Concordant with the mother's ID, median neonatal UI was low (71 and 97 mg=L at 3 days and 3 months of age). Conclusion: Portuguese women of the Minho region have an inadequate iodine intake, which may compromise the potential for full psychomotor development of their progeny. These observations suggest that iodine supplementation should be implemented throughout pregnancy and lactation in Portugal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status of Pregnant Women and Their Progeny in the Minho Region of Portugal

Costeira

Oliveira

Segura

et al. 2009

Thyroid

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data has shown that the foetal brain develops the most rapidly during the first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks). Since the foetus does not completely establish it's own thyroid functions until 20 weeks of pregnancy, foetal thyroid hormones are derived mainly from the mother [1]. Accordingly, maternal thyroid function is of great importance for the foetus during the first half of pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study for maternal thyroid hormone deficiency during the first half of pregnancy in China

Shan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2008

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…Maternal hypothyroidism diagnosed in pregnancy should be corrected as promptly as possible [3,4,6] because maternal thyroid hormones play an important role in the early fetal neurological development [9,13]. In this survey, most responders initiated full replacement dose of L-T 4 for pregnant women newly diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and management of hypothyroidism in pregnancy: Results of an Asian survey

et al. 2014

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Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development

Cited by 496 publications

References 67 publications

Iodine Status of Pregnant Women and Their Progeny in the Minho Region of Portugal

Iodine Status of Pregnant Women and Their Progeny in the Minho Region of Portugal

A study for maternal thyroid hormone deficiency during the first half of pregnancy in China

Screening and management of hypothyroidism in pregnancy: Results of an Asian survey

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