Maternally-derived antibodies do not prevent transmission of swine influenza A virus between pigs

Cador, Charlie; Hervé, Séverine; Andraud, Mathieu; Gorin, Stéphane; Paboeuf, Frédéric; Barbier, Nicolas; Quéguiner, Stéphane; Deblanc, Céline; Simon, Gaëlle; Rose, Nicolas

doi:10.1186/s13567-016-0365-6

Cited by 49 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…S2) is too young to have been infected and recovered. Previous work shows that maternally derived antibodies may affect IAV transmission dynamics, but transmission from individuals with maternal antibodies still occurs (i.e., reproduction number is substantially greater than 1 for individuals with maternally derived antibodies; (Cador et al 2016). Thus, for simplicity we assumed that maternal antibodies did not affect immunity.…”

Section: Framework To Estimate Iav Infection Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Pepin

Pedersen

Wan

et al. 2019

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Swine are important in the ecology of influenza A virus (IAV) globally. Understanding the ecological role of wild pigs in IAV ecology has been limited because surveillance in wild pigs is often for antibodies (serosurveillance) rather than IAVs, as in humans and domestic swine. As IAV antibodies can persist long after an infection, serosurveillance data are not necessarily indicative of current infection risk. However, antibody responses to IAV infections cause a predictable antibody response, thus time of infection can be inferred from antibody levels in serological samples, enabling identification of risk factors of infection at estimated times of infection. Recent work demonstrates that these quantitative antibody methods (QAMs) can accurately recover infection dates, even when individual-level variation in antibody curves is moderately high. Also, the methodology can be implemented in a survival analysis (SA) framework to reduce bias from opportunistic sampling. Here we integrated QAMs and SA and applied this novel QAM–SA framework to understand the dynamics of IAV infection risk in wild pigs seasonally and spatially, and identify risk factors. We used national-scale IAV serosurveillance data from 15 US states. We found that infection risk was highest during January–March (54% of 61 estimated peaks), with 24% of estimated peaks occurring from May to July, and some low-level of infection risk occurring year-round. Time-varying IAV infection risk in wild pigs was positively correlated with humidity and IAV infection trends in domestic swine and humans, and did not show wave-like spatial spread of infection among states, nor more similar levels of infection risk among states with more similar meteorological conditions. Effects of host sex on IAV infection risk in wild pigs were generally not significant. Because most of the variation in infection risk was explained by state-level factors or infection risk at long-distances, our results suggested that predicting IAV infection risk in wild pigs is complicated by local ecological factors and potentially long-distance translocation of infection. In addition to revealing factors of IAV infection risk in wild pigs, our framework is broadly applicable for quantifying risk factors of disease transmission using opportunistic serosurveillance sampling, a common methodology in wildlife disease surveillance. Future research on the factors that determine individual-level antibody kinetics will facilitate the design of serosurveillance systems that can extract more accurate estimates of time-varying disease risk from quantitative antibody data.

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Section: Framework To Estimate Iav Infection Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Pepin

Pedersen

Wan

et al. 2019

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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“… a β 1 is 1.41 in the service room [ 16 ] as sows are reared in specific conditions (see “Parametrization” section for more details). …”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, field data suggest a possible reinfection in sows which could explain the observed rise of HI (Hemagglutination Inhibition) titres according to parity [ 4 , 5 ]. Newborn piglets born to immune sows acquire swIAV MDAs by colostrum intake (health state M) providing partial protection towards infection [ 4 , 13 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors responsible for these repeated infections in successive batches include husbandry practices and suspected adverse effects of maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs). MDAs were shown to significantly reduce the clinical expression in young animals while not fully preventing swIAV transmission [ 13 – 16 ]. This may lead to a silent spread of the virus in the first weeks of age, which could partly explain the recurrence of epidemics after passive immunity waning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternally Derived Immunity Extends Swine Influenza A Virus Persistence within Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms: Insights from a Stochastic Event-Driven Metapopulation Model

et al. 2016

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Swine Influenza A Viruses (swIAVs) have been shown to persist in farrow-to-finish pig herds with repeated outbreaks in successive batches, increasing the risk for respiratory disorders in affected animals and being a threat for public health. Although the general routes of swIAV transmission (i.e. direct contact and exposure to aerosols) were clearly identified, the transmission process between batches is still not fully understood. Maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) were stressed as a possible factor favoring within-herd swIAV persistence. However, the relationship between MDAs and the global spread among the different subpopulations in the herds is still lacking. The aim of this study was therefore to understand the mechanisms induced by MDAs in relation with swIAV spread and persistence in farrow-to-finish pig herds. A metapopulation model has been developed representing the population dynamics considering two subpopulations—breeding sows and growing pigs—managed according to batch-rearing system. This model was coupled with a swIAV-specific epidemiological model, accounting for partial passive immunity protection in neonatal piglets and an immunity boost in re-infected animals. Airborne transmission was included by a between-room transmission rate related to the current prevalence of shedding pigs. Maternally derived partial immunity in piglets was found to extend the duration of the epidemics within their batch, allowing for efficient between-batch transmission and resulting in longer swIAV persistence at the herd level. These results should be taken into account in the design of control programmes for the spread and persistence of swIAV in swine herds.

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“…After publication of the original article [ 1 ], the authors noticed an error in Table 2 in the “Results” section. In the last column the R 0 estimated values have been reversed between groups.…”

Section: Erratum To: Vet Res (2016) 47:86 Doi 101186/s13567-016-0365mentioning

confidence: 99%

Erratum to: Maternally-derived antibodies do not prevent transmission of swine influenza A virus between pigs

Cador

Hervé

Andraud

et al. 2016

Vet Res

Self Cite

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Maternally-derived antibodies do not prevent transmission of swine influenza A virus between pigs

Cited by 49 publications

References 45 publications

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Maternally Derived Immunity Extends Swine Influenza A Virus Persistence within Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms: Insights from a Stochastic Event-Driven Metapopulation Model

Erratum to: Maternally-derived antibodies do not prevent transmission of swine influenza A virus between pigs

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