Maternity waiting home as a potential intervention for reducing the maternal mortality ratio in El Salvador: an observational case study

Abstract

Background El Salvador is recognized as a country that has effectively reduced its Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). While health indicators, such as total fertility rate, adolescent fertility rate, skilled birth attendance, and health expenditures, have improved in El Salvador, this improvement was unremarkable compared to advancements in other developing countries. How El Salvador could achieve an outstanding decrease in MMR despite unexceptional improvements in health and non-health indicators is a question that deserves deep research. We used quantitative methods and an observational case study to show that El Salvador could reduce its MMR more than expected by instituting health policies that not only aimed to reduce the (adolescent) fertility rate, but also provide safe birthing conditions and medical services to pregnant women through maternity waiting homes. Methods We ran pooled ordinary least squares regression and panel regression with fixed effects using MMR as the dependent variable and health and non-health factors as the independent variables. We conducted residual analysis, calculated the predicted value of MMR, and compared it with the observed value in El Salvador. To explain the change in MMR in El Salvador, we carried out an observational case study of maternity waiting homes in that country. Results El Salvador could reduce MMR by improving health factors such as fertility rate skilled birth attendance and non-health factors, such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and female empowerment. However, even while considering these factors, the MMR of El Salvador decreased by more than expected. We confirmed this by analyzing the residuals of the regression model. This improvement in MMR, which is larger than expected from the regression results, can be attributed partly to government measures such as maternity waiting homes. Conclusions The reason for the unexplained reduction in El Salvador’s MMR seems to be attributed in part to health policies that not only aim to reduce the fertility rate but also to provide safe birthing conditions and medical services to pregnant women through maternity waiting homes.

Determinants Of Delays In Seeking Care In Maternal Referrals In Indonesia (Ecological Studies)

“…The Birth Waiting Home Program is expected to reduce the number of maternal deaths, increase coverage of deliveries by health workers and at the same time increase coverage of deliveries in health service facilities and adequate emergency services. Several studies have shown that RTK can prevent maternal deaths in remote areas by increasing access to health care facilities and reducing perinatal deaths (Yoon & Kim, 2021); (Zuanna et al, 2021); (Tiruneh et al, 2019).…”