Mathematical Modeling of Heat Exchange Processes in a Cowshed for the Warm Period

At the present stage of development of dairy cattle breeding, the choice of machine milking technology is a priority task in the operation of any dairy complex, and the study of its impact on cows productivity when using modern milking equipment is timely and relevant. The purpose of the work was to study the technology of robotic milking of cows and evaluate the effectiveness of its application under the conditions of the dairy complex for industrial milk production. It has been found as a result of the carried out research that the use of a robotic milking machine is possible with the free stall housing of cows with their free access to the milking parlor with the installation of Lely Astronaut milking robots. The farm uses fl ow-sections technology: the first section is the milk production, the second section is for calving and the third section is for dry cows. The installation provides the individual approach to milking the animal when assessing the health of the udder, namely, separate milking of the udder quarters, which allows, when mastitis is detected, to dump milk from the diseased udder quarter into a separate container. Assessment of udder health is carried out by changing the physical properties of milk in case of disease, i.e. electrical conductivity. At the same time, the system evaluates the quality of milk and collects data on each animal individually and on the quarters of the udder. Each of the two robots installed on the farm is capable of milking 65 cows. 123 cows located in a room where the voluntary milking system is installed serve only 2 people per shift. Robots allow us to save on milking facilities, reduce staff maintenance costs and increase the salaries of service personnel. The payback of the equipment – a robotic installation for milking cows Lely Astronaut will be with the productivity of animals ranging from 6000 to 6500 kg on average per cow for about 3 years.

Principles and effectiveness of operation of the robotic cows’ milking system

Горелик¹,

Костомахин²,

Kharlap³

et al. 2022

Productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed in association with the technology of their housing

Sudarev¹,

Ivanov²

2022

The research of the influence of the method of housing cows on productivity, reproductive ability and productive longevity is relevant. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of technological factors on productivity, reproductive ability, and longevity of productive use of cows in the Tver region. The research has been carried out on the basis of the breeding farm of ZAO Kalininskoye in the Tver region. In order to conduct the experiment two groups of cows were formed, depending on the method of housing. Animals in the 1st group were free-stall housing; the 2nd group of cows were in tie up housing. The feeding conditions of the experimental animals were the same. The productivity of cows after the first lactation in the 2nd group (tie up housing) exceeded the productivity of cows in the 1st group (free-stall housing). The difference in milk yields was 345 kg (P ≤ 0,01) of milk for 305 days of the first lactation with a slight difference in the mass fraction of fat and protein. The shortest duration of the period of open days with the free-stall housing was established for both first-calf heifers (123 days) and cows of the second calving (101 days) than for herdmates with the tie up housing for 16 and 27 days. The multiplicity of insemination with tie up housing was higher depending on the age, the difference was 0,42 and 0,26 units in favor of the free-stall housing. The lifetime milk yield of cows with tie up housing was 6847 kg of milk or 29,9 % higher than free-stall housing, and their average milk yield with basic fat content (3,4 %) exceeded analogues by 853 kg of milk or 10,6 %, respectively. Calculations indicate that the prim-cost of 1 centner of milk from cows with tie up housing was lower by 165,6 rubles or 10,6 %, and the profit from its sale per 1 cow was higher than the free-stall housing by 24,6 thousand rubles. The evaluation of the conducted studies fully reflects the economic feasibility of further use of the tie up housing method of cows.

Experience and problems of implementation of digital solutions in animal husbandry of the Republic of Belarus (review)

Kovalyev¹,

Такун²,

Такун³

et al. 2022

The presented review article describes a number of some important software products, information systems, and other digital solutions that are extremely necessary for the effective functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus in general and animal husbandry in particular. The important global trends in the development of modern agriculture are considered, the benefits received by farmers from the use of various digital technologies are discussed, and the need to accelerate the current pace of introduction of diffirent elements of precision farming and animal husbandry systems into Belarusian agriculture is noted. In the animal husbandry of the republic a number of farms using Smart Farm technology already use robotic milking modules with monitoring of milk quality and the physiological state of animals, which reduces the incidence of cows with mastitis by 25–30 %, increases the time of economic use of animals up to 4–5 lactations. The use of robotic tools for the preparation and distribution of feed mixtures allows us to increase the milk yield of cows by 30–40 %. At the same time, the profitability of products produced using this technology can exceed 40 %. Feed preparation and distribution systems have been developed. On farms with free-stall housing animal husbandry, concentrated feed is normalized by the automated cow feeding station SKA-25 developed by RUE “NPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agricultural Mechanization”. The use of a feeding station makes it possible to automate the process of issuing concentrated feed, as well as to monitor the use of high-energy feed through automated process control systems on cattle farms.