Mathematical Modelling of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Kinetics of Bioactive Compounds from Artichoke By-Products

Abstract

Valorization of an artichoke by-product, rich in bioactive compounds, by ultrasound-assisted extraction, is proposed. The extraction yield curves of total phenolic content (TPC) and chlorogenic acid content (CAC) in 20% ethanol (v/v) with agitation (100 rpm) and ultrasound (200 and 335 W/L) were determined at 25, 40, and 60 °C. A mathematical model considering simultaneous diffusion and convection is proposed to simulate the extraction curves and to quantify both temperature and ultrasound power density effects in terms of the model parameters variation. The effective diffusion coefficient exhibited temperature dependence (72% increase for TPC from 25 °C to 60 °C), whereas the external mass transfer coefficient and the equilibrium extraction yield depended on both temperature (72% and 90% increases for TPC from 25 to 60 °C) and ultrasound power density (26 and 51% increases for TPC from 0 (agitation) to 335 W/L). The model allowed the accurate curves simulation, the average mean relative error being 5.3 ± 2.6%. Thus, the need of considering two resistances in series to satisfactorily simulate the extraction yield curves could be related to the diffusion of the bioactive compound from inside the vegetable cells toward the intercellular volume and from there, to the liquid phase.

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Ripe Carob Pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.): Combined Designs for Screening and Optimizing the Processing Parameters

“…Classical one-factor a time experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) are the optimization techniques typically performed. Conversely to the former time-consuming and laborious approach, consisting in changing only a factor at a time while keeping all the others constant, RSM is a mathematical technique based on the fit of a polynomial equation to the experimental data, which is able to generate statistical models for simultaneously optimizing the single factors together with the possible interactions between the different factors [20]. In the case of several response variables (i.e, different polyphenols), the issue of their concurrent optimization arises.…”

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of oilseeds—sustainability processes to obtain traditional and non‐traditional food ingredients: A review

“…For instance, more than 20% increment in the convective mass transfer coefficient and up to 100‐fold improvements in the pseudo‐diffusive mass transfer coefficient corresponding to the fast stage have been reported when UAE was used instead of conventional extraction (Bonfigl, 2017; Ruiz et al., 2011). Similarly, the mass transfer process has been satisfactorily simulated by simultaneously considering external convection and internal diffusion mechanism, finding that only the external mass transfer coefficient, in addition to the equilibrium extraction yield, depended on both temperature and US power density, while the internal diffusion coefficient depended mainly on temperature (Reche et al., 2021). In addition, in‐particle pore walls can also be modified by shock waves and cavitation, which together with the microscopic turbulence produced in the porous solution, could increase internal mass transfer (Ji et al., 2006).…”

Recovery of Chlorogenic Acids from Agri-Food Wastes: Updates on Green Extraction Techniques

“…UAE extraction efficiency is thus due to the mechanical effects of ultrasound (described above), which allows a deep penetration of the solvent into the plant material and promotes a continuous circulation of new solvent, consequently increasing the mass transfer from solid to liquid phase [ 79 , 87 ]. Therefore, UAE could be an interesting technique to obtain extracts rich in CGAs using lower temperatures than the conventional extraction approaches [ 88 ].…”

“…A common trend that can be observed is that when a parameter enhances cell disruption, the total sum of CGAs is higher. MAE, UAE, and PLE are usually more effective compared to conventional ap-proaches because of the direct destruction of the matrix cellular structure induced, respec-tively, by microwaves, ultrasound, and pressure, which lead to a greater release of bioactives into the solvent [ 31 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 82 , 88 ]. It is interesting in this regard to consider the study by Routeay et al [ 31 ], where this phenomenon is a determinant for the extraction efficiency.…”