Mathematical Models of Mass Transfer in Tissue for Molecular Medicine with Reversible Electroporation

doi:10.1201/9781420065428-6

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 229 publications

(294 reference statements)

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“…Gerlach and Cunningham (2010) recently summarized permeability data from 78 previously published experiments covering a wide range of materials, initial permeabilities, and organisms. Log reductions in permeability in those experiments as a result of biomass growth ranged from 0.1 to 5.5 and averaged 1.9 (st. dev.…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Bioclogging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in hydraulic conductivity with decreasing pH in a biologically-clogged porous medium

Kirk

Santillan

McGrath

et al. 2012

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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a b s t r a c tMicrobial biomass can clog porous media and ultimately affect both structural and mineral trapping of CO 2 in geological carbon storage reservoirs. Whether biomass can remain intact following a sudden decrease in groundwater pH, a geochemical change associated with CO 2 injection, is unclear. We examined this question using twelve biologically-active and three control column-reactor experiments. Cell abundance and distribution was monitored using confocal microscopy, plating, and direct counting. Hydraulic conductivity (K) was monitored using pressure sensors. Growth occurred for four days at neutral pH. During that time, K within the clogged portion of the reactors decreased from 0.013 to 0.0006 cm s −1 on average, a 1.47 log reduction. Next, the pH of the inflowing aqueous medium was lowered to pH 4 in six experiments and pH 5.7 in six experiments. As a result, K increased in five of the pH 4 experiments and two of the pH 5.7 experiments. Despite this increase, however, the columns remained largely clogged. Compared to pre-inoculation K values, log reductions averaged 1.13 and 1.44 in pH 4 and pH 5.7 experiments, respectively. Our findings show that biomass can largely remain intact following acidification and continue to reduce K, even when considerable cell stress and death occurs.

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Section: Comparison To Previous Bioclogging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in hydraulic conductivity with decreasing pH in a biologically-clogged porous medium

Kirk

Santillan

McGrath

et al. 2012

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…How do CO 2 levels control the outcome of the interactions between different microorganisms? Filling these knowledge gaps is important because microorganisms can affect not only the chemical composition of aquifers but also the flow of groundwater (Gerlach and Cunningham, 2010; Flynn et al, 2013). In addition, many microbial reactions also affect the fate of CO 2 in aquifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Response of Microbial Reactions to High CO2

Jin

Kirk

2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Geological carbon sequestration captures CO2 from industrial sources and stores the CO2 in subsurface reservoirs, a viable strategy for mitigating global climate change. In assessing the environmental impact of the strategy, a key question is how microbial reactions respond to the elevated CO2 concentration. This study uses biogeochemical modeling to explore the influence of CO2 on the thermodynamics and kinetics of common microbial reactions in subsurface environments, including syntrophic oxidation, iron reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis. The results show that increasing CO2 levels decreases groundwater pH and modulates chemical speciation of weak acids in groundwater, which in turn affect microbial reactions in different ways and to different extents. Specifically, a thermodynamic analysis shows that increasing CO2 partial pressure lowers the energy available from syntrophic oxidation and acetoclastic methanogenesis, but raises the available energy of microbial iron reduction, hydrogenotrophic sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Kinetic modeling suggests that high CO2 has the potential of inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction while promoting iron reduction. These results are consistent with the observations of previous laboratory and field studies, and highlight the complexity in microbiological responses to elevated CO2 abundance, and the potential power of biogeochemical modeling in evaluating and quantifying these responses.

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“…Olsthoorn (1982) observed increasing injection rates hastens the physical clogging process, as more particles are delivered to the system per unit time. Biological clogging is influenced by nutrient availability, pH, temperature, mechanical and shear stresses, substrate surface area, osmotic pressure, and metabolic inhibitors (Characklis 1981;Or et al 2007;Pavelic et al 2007;Gerlach and Cunningham 2011). Free flowing bacteria act as particulates, clogging pores in a manner similar to physical clogging by suspended particles, and growth of attached bacterial colonies and their extracellular polymeric substances can develop to the point of filling pore spaces (Huisman and Olsthoorn 1983;Baveye et al 1998).…”

Section: Asr Clogging Issuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Laboratory Study of Low-Flow Rates on Clogging Processes for Application to Small-Diameter Injection Wells

Thompson

Stotler

Macpherson

et al. 2015

Water Resour Manage

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A new concept in aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) aims to lower costs by using gravity-induced infiltration and small diameter wells installed with direct-push technology. Such systems will have significantly lower injection rates than traditional ASR. Clogging is a major concern for ASR systems; however, previous investigations of injection well clogging assumed a high injection rate. To address this bias, this study investigates the potential for clogging in low-flow (<0.38 m 3 /min) ASR injection wells. The effects of low-flow rate injection on hydraulic conductivity and geochemistry were examined using laboratory columns packed with sand and gravel taken from an experimental low-flow ASR site. Changes in hydraulic conductivity and geochemistry were monitored over 17 days using two types of source water (treated surface water and native groundwater) at three different flow rates (Darcy velocities 1 m/d, 3 m/d, 5 m/d). The hydraulic conductivity of the lowest flow rate columns decreased below initial levels by at least one order of magnitude during the experiment. Observations of biofilm in effluent tubing suggest bacterial clogging reduced the hydraulic conductivity in medium and low flow treated surface water columns, but bacterial abundance was not quantified in this study. Clay dispersion was estimated to be an important process, partially reversing the bacterial clogging. Further understanding of clogging factors at low flow rates will aid in the selection of the most beneficial clogging prediction tests and pretreatment and redevelopment methods for low-flow ASR systems.

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Mathematical Models of Mass Transfer in Tissue for Molecular Medicine with Reversible Electroporation

Cited by 15 publications

References 229 publications

Variation in hydraulic conductivity with decreasing pH in a biologically-clogged porous medium

Variation in hydraulic conductivity with decreasing pH in a biologically-clogged porous medium

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Response of Microbial Reactions to High CO2

Laboratory Study of Low-Flow Rates on Clogging Processes for Application to Small-Diameter Injection Wells

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