Mating behavior of the solitary neotropical harvestmanPachyloides thorellii(Arachnida: Opiliones)

Mating behavior of Dactylochelifer latreillii latreillii (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae): A quantitative study

“…The term ''behavioral unit'' was used, similarly to other recent publications (Stanley et al 2016;Palen-Pietri et al 2019) on arachnid mating behavior. Major behavioral units were named according to existing terms from Weygoldt (1969); the terminology of genital structures follows Legg (1974a, b).…”

Sexual dialogue in Pachyloides thorellii (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae): a Neotropical harvestman with much to say

“…Moreover, given that harvestmen are in general highly polygamic and females can store sperm from several different males, sperm competition and cryptic female choice are probably ubiquitous processes in species of the order (reviewed in Macías-Ordóñez et al 2010 andMachado et al 2015). Stanley et al (2016) described and quantified male-female sexual interactions of the Neotropical harvestman Pachyloides thorellii Holmberg, 1878 (Laniatores: Gonyleptidae). In this solitary species, the pre-copulatory phase starts when the male courts the female by touching her dorsum and legs with his first and second pair of legs.…”

“…In this solitary species, the pre-copulatory phase starts when the male courts the female by touching her dorsum and legs with his first and second pair of legs. When the male touches the female, she can reject him by (i) quickly moving away from him, (ii) retracting her legs toward her body, and/or (iii) lowering her cephalothorax to the substrate, thus preventing intromission (Stanley et al 2016). If the male is not rejected, he will continue to court, and the pair may adopt the typical mating position of Laniatores (see Machado et al 2015).…”

“…In this position, male and female stay face-to-face, with the male grabbing the female pedipalps with his own pedipalps, and both of them grabbing each other chelicerae. Once the couple adopts the mating position, through raising the anterior part of their bodies and forming a 908 angle between themselves, the male everts his penis and introduces it into the female genital operculum (Stanley et al 2016). During intromission, the male continues to touch the female dorsum with his first pair of legs, initiating the copulatory phase.…”

Solifuge (camel spider) reproductive biology: an untapped taxon for exploring sexual selection

“…Scorpions (order Scorpiones), for example, have attracted a fair amount of research on topics including the functional morphology of spermatophores, sperm competition, and the use of pheromones in reproductive interactions (Jacob et al 2004;Peretti & Carrera 2005;Vrech et al 2014;Romero-Lebrón et al 2019). In opilionids, or harvestmen (order Opiliones), studies have been carried out on sexual dimorphism, mating systems, life history, and pheromones, among other aspects (e.g., Munguía-Steyer et al 2012;Buzatto et al 2014;Machado et al 2015;Stanley et al 2016).…”