Mating type idiomorphs from a French population of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola: widespread equal distribution and low but distinct levels of molecular polymorphism

Siah, Ali; Tisserant, Benoît; Chartouni, Léa El; Duyme, Florent; Deweer, Caroline; Roisin-Fichter, Céline; Sanssené, Jean; Durand, Roger; Reignault, Philippe; Halama, Patrice

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.008

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An equal distribution of both mating types has been found in most Z. tritici populations worldwide, consistent with regular sexual reproduction and recombination Zhan et al, 2002;Siah et al, 2010). A previous European study showed that intragenic recombination made an important contribution to the development of resistance by recombining different CYP51 mutations affecting azole resistance (Brunner et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

et al. 2015

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Although fungicide resistance in crop pathogens is a global threat to food production, surprisingly little is known about the evolutionary processes associated with the emergence and spread of fungicide resistance. Early stages in the evolution of fungicide resistance were evaluated using the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, taking advantage of an isolate collection spanning 20 years in Oregon, USA, and including two sites with differing intensity of fungicide use. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytb protein conferring single-mutation resistance to QoI fungicides and the nuclear CYP51 gene implicated in multiple-mutation resistance to azole fungicides were analysed. Mutations associated with resistance to both fungicides were absent in the 1992 isolates, but frequent in the 2012 collection, with higher frequencies of resistance alleles found at the field site with more intensive fungicide use. Results suggest that the QoI resistance evolved independently in several lineages, and resulted in significant mitochondrial genome bottlenecks. In contrast, the CYP51 gene showed signatures of diversifying selection and intragenic recombination among three phylogenetic clades. The findings support a recent emergence of resistance to the two fungicide classes in Oregon, facilitated by selection for mutations in the associated resistance genes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

et al. 2015

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“…This suggests regular sexual reproduction cycles under Algerian conditions. Our results accord with previous reports from different countries all over the world (Siah et al 2010b;Zhan et al 2002), including countries with very different climatic conditions (Abrinbana et al 2010;Allioui et al 2014;Boukef et al 2012;Elbekali et al 2012), although the Z. tritici teleomorph was never reported in natural fields in Algeria. Evidence of the occurrence of sexual reproduction was pointed out by several authors in the past.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…At the country level, the mating type ratio did not deviate significantly from the expected 1:1 = Mat1-1:Mat1-2 ratio, which was also reported for field populations in other Algerian regions (Allioui et al 2014). However, the present study further supports the evidence of the occurrence of sexual recombination by showing that both mating types coexist with equal distributions regardless of climatic conditions, agricultural practices, and host distribution, similar to what was found in the French Z. tritici population, where the distribution of the mating types was also independent of geographical diversity (Siah et al 2010b). Some individual fields-field 2 from Alger and fields 1 and 3 from Constantine-did not match 1:1 distributions for both mating type alleles but, at the location level, these frequencies were equal and, hence, such deviations are considered to result from sampling errors (Abrinbana et al 2010;Elbekali et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In our study, deviations may theoretically also result from an overrepresentation of clones because our data were not clone corrected due to the lower number of isolates per location. Indeed, our results confirmed earlier reports on the co-occurrence of both Z. tritici mating types at the leaf and lesion scales-even when the sample size was not large-in all locations sampled (Elbekali et al 2012;Linde et al 2002;Siah et al 2010b;Zhan et al 2002). At the leaf scale, 62% of tested leaves were colonized by either Mat1-1 or Mat1-2 strains, which is not surprising, because most lesions are believed to be initiated by a single genotype (McDonald and Martinez 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several secondary cycles of sexual reproduction occur within a single growing season (Hunter et al 1999;Kema et al 1996;Zhan et al 2003), generating a high degree of genetic variation distributed even at small spatial scales (McDonald and Martinez 1990;Zhan et al 2002Zhan et al , 2003. The mating type loci of Z. tritici have been intensively studied over the last decades (Kema et al 1996;Siah et al 2010b;Waalwijk et al 2002;Zhan et al 2002), showing their occurrence with equal distribution in most parts of the world as well as in some areas of Algeria (Abrinbana et al 2010;Allioui et al 2014;Boukef et al 2012;Elbekali et al 2012;Siah et al 2010b;Zhan et al 2002). Usually, an equal distribution of the Mat1-1 and Mat1-2 idiomorphs in natural field populations is consistent with frequent sexual cycles (Hunter et al 1999;Zhan et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Equal Distribution of Mating Type Alleles and the Presence of Strobilurin Resistance in Algerian Zymoseptoria tritici Field Populations

et al. 2017

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Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, is an important wheat pathogen responsible for high yield losses worldwide. The assessment of the distribution of both mating type idiomorphs was studied in several wheat-growing areas in North Algeria. Both mating types occurred at all spatial scales tested and showed an equal frequency distribution at the country level, with 53% for Mat1-1 and 47% for Mat1-2. At finer scales, co-occurrence of both mating types was found in 38% of leaves analyzed and 44% of the studied lesions. Additionally, efficacy reduction of strobilurin applications prompted us to study strobilurin resistance conferred by the G143A substitution in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, which was found for the first time in six strains. The results suggest that the Algerian Z. tritici population undergoes frequent sexual reproduction mirrored by co-occurrence of both mating types, which likely will rapidly increase the fraction of strobilurin-resistant isolates in the Algerian population, as has been shown in all other regions where strobilurin resistance surfaced.

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Population genetic structure of Mycosphaerella graminicola and Quinone Outside Inhibitor (QoI) resistance in the Czech Republic

et al. 2012

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Damage caused by the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola increased rapidly during the last two decades in the Czech Republic. We collected isolates from naturally infected fields in seven wheat-growing locations and analysed these using eight microsatellite markers. All markers were highly polymorphic. We found a high degree of genetic diversity and low clonality within all sampled Czech populations. We identified 158 unique multilocus haplotypes among 184 isolates. Field populations showed weak genetic structure but we detected more differentiation between climatic regions within the Czech Republic. We compared the Czech field populations to populations from the United Kingdom, Germany and Switzerland and found a marked differentiation between Czech populations and Western European populations. We hypothesize that decades of different agricultural practices, including the use of different wheat cultivars, may explain this genetic differentiation. We detected a rapid increase in QoI fungicide resistance during the sampling period from 2005 to 2011, coinciding with the widespread application of this class of fungicides in the Czech Republic. M. graminicola populations in the Czech Republic underwent a rapid adaptive evolution from sensitivity to resistance similar to what was described earlier in Western Europe.

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Mating type idiomorphs from a French population of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola: widespread equal distribution and low but distinct levels of molecular polymorphism

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

Equal Distribution of Mating Type Alleles and the Presence of Strobilurin Resistance in Algerian Zymoseptoria tritici Field Populations

Population genetic structure of Mycosphaerella graminicola and Quinone Outside Inhibitor (QoI) resistance in the Czech Republic

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