Matrix Addressing of an Electronic Surface Switch Based on a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Cell Sorting

Abstract

Spatial control of cell detachment is potentially of great interest when selecting cells for clonal expansion and in order to obtain a homogeneous starting population of cells aimed for tissue engineering purposes. Here, selective detachment and cell sorting of human primary keratinocytes and fi broblasts is achieved using thin fi lms of a conjugated polymer. Upon electrochemical oxidation, the polymer fi lm swells, cracks, and fi nally detaches taking cells cultured on top along with it. The polymer can be patterned using standard photolithography to fabricate a cross-point matrix with polymer pixels that can be individually addressed and thus detached. Detachment occurs above a well-defi ned threshold of +0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl, allowing the use of a relatively simple and easily manufactured passive matrix-addressing confi guration, based on a resistor network, to control the cell-sorting device.

Benchmarking organic mixed conductors for transistors

“…The interplay between ionic and electronic carriers is critical for energy storage and generation including pseudo/supercapacitors 2 , 3 , batteries 4 , fuel cells 5 and ionic-organic ratchets 6 . Furthermore, organic mixed conductors have found utility in applications where large area processing is required (i.e., electrochromics), where the motion of ions through the bulk can lead to significant changes in physical properties (mechanical actuators, electrochromics, switchable surfaces) 7 – 9 , or where the material’s intimate contact with a sensing environment can lead to enhanced sensitivity or selectivity (sensors) 10 , 11 . Where one application requires selectivity, another requires fast response; where one requires stability, another requires capacity.…”

Tunable Control of the Hydrophilicity and Wettability of Conjugated Polymers by a Postpolymerization Modification Approach

“…[31] The surface of the CP must allow effective cell adhesion and support for cells to establish intimate contact with living tissue. [32,33] Cell adhesion to organic materials is affected by their surface properties such as wettability, roughness, surface charge, and chemical functionality. [34][35][36] Among these properties, surface wettability has been most extensively investigated, with cells found to adhere more effectively onto surfaces with moderate wettability than hydrophobic surfaces.…”

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Derivatives: Innovative Conductive Polymers for Bioelectronics

“…An interesting self-doped and water-soluble derivative is PEDOT-sulfonate (PEDOT-S), developed by Grabielsson et al [ 122 , 124 ]. PEDOT-S was utilized to introduce electronic functionality into plants [ 121 ].…”