“…MMP14 and MMP15 have been reported to play diverse roles in a range of morphogenesis-associated processes, including cell adhesion and motility, invasion, proliferation, energy metabolism, senescence, the proteolytic processing of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, as well as ECM remodeling (Ager et al, 2015;Alcaraz et al, 2011;Barbolina and Stack, 2008;Bonnans et al, 2014;Chun et al, 2004;Fahlman et al, 2014;Fu et al, 2013;Itoh, 2015;Kajita et al, 2001;Koshikawa et al, 2000;Koziol et al, 2012;Mori et al, 2009Mori et al, , 2013Rebustini et al, 2009;Sabeh et al, 2009;Sakamoto et al, 2014;Shimizu-Hirota et al, 2012;Simian et al, 2001;Tang et al, 2013;Taylor et al, 2015;Weaver et al, 2014;Yana et al, 2007). Consistent, in part, with previous reports linking MT-MMPs with epithelial cell branching programs (Alcaraz et al, 2011;Bonnans et al, 2014;Mori et al, 2009Mori et al, , 2013Rebustini et al, 2009;Weaver et al, 2014), we find that MMP14, but not MMP15, is required for mammary epithelial organoid branching through type I collagen barriers in vitro.…”