Matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis

Abstract

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteolytic enzymes, which are involved in the degradation of many different components of the extracellular matrix. The MMPs have been classified into different groups including collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, and others, particularly membrane‐type MMPs, based mainly on the in vitro substrate specificity of individual MMPs. There is increasing evidence to indicate that individual MMPs have important roles in tumour invasion and metastasis. However, the current concept of the role of MMPs in tumour invasion is that they not only have a direct role in tumour invasion by facilitating extracellular matrix degradation, but as a consequence they also have an important role in maintaining the tumour micro‐environment and thus promoting tumour growth. Inhibiting the action of MMPs represents a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of individual types of cancer and several broad‐spectrum, low‐molecular‐weight MMP inhibitors are currently being assessed for clinical use. This review examines the role of MMPs in tumour invasion and metastasis, with an emphasis on studies of clinical relevance. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: Prognostic markers and therapeutic targets

“…In spite of observations on abundant expression of specific MMPs in invasive primary tumours or in their metastases, the evidence for the activity of distinct MMPs in tumour tissues in vivo is limited. 3,25,42 In most malignant tumours, stromal fibroblasts are the primary source of MMPs. Infiltration of inflammatory cells is a prominent feature of many tumours and they also produce MMPs to the peritumoural environment.…”

Altered gene expression in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma

“…MMPs belong to a family of closely related Zinc-finger endopeptidases, involved in the degradation of specific components of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. 23 Their crucial role in the metastatic progression of the primary tumor has led to the discovery of MMP inhibitors for use as anticancer treatments.…”

Glycosylation-mediated targeting of carriers

“…Our group developed a novel drug delivery system using enzymatic activity expressed specifically in tumors. It was reported that matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) plays a critical role in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and are overexpressed in HCC [150][151][152][153]. Using the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 could provide HCC-selective properties to galactosylated liposomes.…”