Maturation of humoral immune response determines the susceptibility of guinea-pigs to leptospirosis

Adler, Ben; Faine, S.; Muller, HK; Green, D.E.

doi:10.3109/00313028009086806

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…10 3 spirochetes rapidly caused fatal infection in guinea pigs weighing 150 to 200 grams, and also in guinea pigs weighing more than 500 grams (data not shown). In contrast, Adler and colleagues 37 have reported that there was an age-related resistance of guinea pigs to infection with serovar Pomona; animals weighing more than 100 grams were resistant to infection. In experiments conducted over the course of a year, RJ16441 proved to be reproducibly more virulent than the closely related RJ15958 passaged to the same extent in vitro, in that guinea pigs became moribund more quickly on infection with RJ16441.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…2,44 -47 In guinea pigs, antibodies to leptospiral LPS have been detected as early as 3 days after infection. 37 To ascertain whether immunopathology might underlie pulmonary hemorrhage, lung tissues were probed for the presence of IgM, IgG, IgA, and C3 using immunofluorescence. Three patterns of reactivity were observed in infected animals, but not in uninfected animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alveolar Septal Deposition of Immunoglobulin and Complement Parallels Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Guinea Pig Model of Severe Pulmonary Leptospirosis

Nally¹,

Chantranuwat²,

Wu³

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Pathology

182

185

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Human patients suffering from leptospirosis present with a diverse array of clinical manifestations, including the more severe and often fatal pulmonary form of the disease. The etiology of pulmonary hemorrhage is unclear. Isolates of Leptospira acquired from patients suffering from pulmonary hemorrhage were used to develop a guinea pig model of pulmonary hemorrhage. Gross findings post-infection confirmed extensive hemorrhage in the lungs and on peritoneal surfaces as the likely cause of death. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of large numbers of leptospires in kidney, liver, intestinal tissues, and spleen, but few inflammatory cells were seen. In marked contrast, few leptospires were detected in infected hemorrhagic lung tissue. Blood chemistries and hematology did not reveal the etiology of the hemorrhage observed. There was no chemical or microscopic evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation. To ascertain an immunopathologic role during disease, immunofluorescence was performed on infected lung tissues and confirmed the presence of IgM, IgG, IgA, and C3 along the alveolar basement membrane. This suggests that an autoimmune process may be the etiology of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in lep-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alveolar Septal Deposition of Immunoglobulin and Complement Parallels Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Guinea Pig Model of Severe Pulmonary Leptospirosis

Nally¹,

Chantranuwat²,

Wu³

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Pathology

182

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the reference test for diagnosis and detects antibodies at serovar levels 10 . However, the test is time consuming, requires the use of paired sera 11,12 , result interpretation is possible only by experts, can show low sensitivity and involves the use of a battery of at least 12-25 leptospires belonging to different serogroups prevalent in that region 13 . The maintenance of stock cultures and use of live organisms creates a risk of laboratory-acquired infection 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological study of Leptospirosis in central Nepal

Nepal

Acharya

Gautam

et al. 2013

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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Background: Leptospirosis, an infectious disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, is the most wide-spread zoonosis in the world. Humans acquire infection through contact with the urine of infected or carrier animals, either directly or through contaminated water or soil. There are only few reports documenting the serological evidence of leptospirosis in Nepal. Thus, present study aims to determine the status of leptospirosis in central Nepal.

Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 1266 patients suspected of leptospirosis in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of two years. Blood samples collected from the patients were processed for qualitative detection of leptospiral IgM antibody by ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay).

Results: Of the 1266 samples subjected to ELISA, seropositivity was seen in 61 samples (4.8%) with the highest rate observed in the autumn season (63.9%) followed by summer season (21.3%). Majority (39.3%) of the seropositive individuals were agricultural workers. Leptospirosis was more common in males and in the people of 16-30 years.

Conclusion: Leptospirosis is common in central Nepal. Epidemiological surveillance and laboratory capacity across the region need strengthening to determine its true prevalence in the community.

Keywords: Leptospirosis, Central Nepal, Seropositivity

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“…Humoral immunity plays a significant role in protection against leptospirosis Faine, 1976, 1977;Adler et al, 1980) and agglutinating antibodies produced in response to leptospiral infection are of prime importance (Adler and Faine, 1978a, b). These antibodies may act by direct complement mediated killing of leptospires (Anderson and Johnson, 1968) or by opsonisation for phagocytosis by macrophages (Banfi et al, 1982;Tu et al, 1982) and granulocytes (McGrath et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental immunisation of hamsters with lipopolysaccharide antigens of Leptospira interrogans

Jost

Adler²,

Faine³

1989

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary. Hamsters were immunised with leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the polysaccharide (PS) fraction of LPS from Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni and the antibody responses were measured by agglutination tests. Maximum titres were observed approximately 6 weeks after immunisation and protection against lethal challenge with the homologous strain was afforded by immunisation with as little as 2-5 pg of LPS or PS. All animals produced IgM agglutinins but a higher proportion of animals immunised with PS produced IgG agglutinins than did those immunised with LPS. Immunisation of guinea-pigs with autoclaved PS showed that the preparation retained some but not all of its immunogenic activity.

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Maturation of humoral immune response determines the susceptibility of guinea-pigs to leptospirosis

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Alveolar Septal Deposition of Immunoglobulin and Complement Parallels Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Guinea Pig Model of Severe Pulmonary Leptospirosis

Alveolar Septal Deposition of Immunoglobulin and Complement Parallels Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Guinea Pig Model of Severe Pulmonary Leptospirosis

Serological study of Leptospirosis in central Nepal

Experimental immunisation of hamsters with lipopolysaccharide antigens of Leptospira interrogans

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