Maturity Tests for Composts — Verification Of a Test Scheme for Assessing Maturity

Itävaara, Merja; Maunuksela, Liisa; Vuorinen, Arja H.

doi:10.1080/1065657x.2010.10736953

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Four to six replicates were used for the each sample. Samples were taken out at regular time intervals (16,22, 34, 51, 70 and 82 days) of exposure to compost. The degree of degradation was measured by evaluating visually how big part of the sample area was degraded.…”

Section: Pilot-scale Composting Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maturity tests, CO 2 production test (mg CO 2 -C g -1 VS d -1 ) and nitrate-N/ ammonium-N ratio were also applied after the pilot-scale composting. CO 2 production test was done as described in [16], by incubating the compost samples for 24 h at ?37°C in the dark and measuring the carbon dioxide concentration by infrared analyzer (Servomex PA 404, Servomex Company, Roborought, England). For nitrate-N/ammonium-N ratio measurement compost was mixed with water in the ratio of 1:5 (vol.)…”

Section: Pilot-scale Composting Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodegradability and Compostability of Nanofibrillar Cellulose-Based Products

et al. 2014

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Biodegradability and compostability of nanofibrillar cellulose-based (NFC) products including films, concentrated NFC and paper products containing NFC were evaluated under controlled composting conditions. All the NFC products tested were biodegradable according to the requirements set in European standard EN 13432. NFC even enhanced the rate of biodegradability of paper containing 1.5 % NFC as an additive. Disintegration during composting was evaluated using the modified pilot-scale composting test EN 14045. NFC films disintegrated completely in 3 weeks of composting, and NFC did not influence the degradability of paper products containing NFC. Ecotoxicity during biodegradation of NFC products in a compost environment was evaluated using a bioluminescence test with Vibrio fischeri. No acute toxicity was detected for any of the samples.

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Section: Pilot-scale Composting Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pilot-scale Composting Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradability and Compostability of Nanofibrillar Cellulose-Based Products

et al. 2014

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“…Eco-label criteria for growing media (EuropeanCommission, 2007) establishes that 'Products shall not adversely affect plant emergence or subsequent growth' but does not establish specific limits. WRAP (2011) guidelines (using tomato seeds) establish a value of at least 80% of the performance of the control and this limit value was also used for tests with cress (Itavaara et al, 2010). The Munoo-Liisa Vitality Index was below 80% for compost GR2PW1 which indicated that this compost exhibits some degree of phytotoxicity.…”

Section: Stability and Growth Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). Considering C/N<20 as maturity criteria (Itavaara et al, 2010), the three guacamole composts could be considered as mature enough after a 3 month active composting period and two turnings. Open structure in compost piles due to PW would facilitate aeration and limit the number of necessary turnings.…”

Section: 3organic Matter Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Munoo-Liisa Vitality Index was below 80% for compost GR2PW1 which indicated that this compost exhibits some degree of phytotoxicity. Taking into consideration that the cress germination test is a highly sensitive method (Itavaara et al, 2010), the use of GR2PW1 as substrate should not be rejected on this basis. In the case of agricultural uses of compost, the risks derived from phytotoxic components could be considered unlikely due to soil resilience, although the precautionary principle should be applied if heavy or repeated applications were carried out.…”

Section: Stability and Growth Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of composition and performance of composts derived from guacamole production residues

González-Fernández

Galea

Álvarez³

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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The utilization of organic wastes to improve soils or for growth media components in local farms and nurseries can reduce the environmental pollution linked to waste disposal while increasing the sustainability of crop production. This approach could be applied to waste products generated from the production 2 of guacamole (an emerging activity in the avocado production areas in mainland Spain), where appropriate treatment of this oily and doughy waste product has not been previously reported. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of cocomposting guacamole production residues (GR) with garden pruning waste (PW) as bulking agent, and the possible use of the compost produced depending on its quality. A windrow composting trial using three GR:PW ratios, 2:1, 1:2, and 1:7 was carried out. Temperature, moisture, organic matter, and C/N ratio were used to follow the evolution of the composting process during 7 months. After an additional 3-month curing period, composts were sieved to less than 10 mm and a set of European quality criteria was used to assess compost quality and intended use. In general, the 3 composting mixtures followed the classical process evolution, with minor differences among them. The 1:2 GR:PW ratio appeared most adequate for combining better process evolution and maximum GR ratio.Except for their high pH that limits their use as growing media component in some particular cases, the obtained composts fulfilled the more stringent European standards for commercial composts. Self-heating tests confirmed the high stability of the composts produced. The germination of cress by the direct contact method was satisfactory for composts GR:PW 1:2 and 1:7, showing no signs of toxicity. Avocado seedlings planted in substrates containing 67% of the GR:PW composts exhibited greater plant growth than those in the control treatment, and with no signs of phytotoxicity. The results open an interesting opportunity for the sustainable treatment of avocado fruit by-products derived from guacamole and avocado oil processing.

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Enzymatic Degradation and Pilot-Scale Composting of Cellulose-Based Films with Different Chemical Structures

et al. 2019

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In this study, we investigated the enzymatical degradability and pilot-scale composting of 14 cellulose-based materials. The materials analyzed here were cellulose regenerated from ionic liquid (EMIM[OAc]), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked by aluminum salt (Al-salt), methyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, butylated hemicellulose: DS: 1, DS: 0.4, and DS: 0.2, cellophane, wet strength paper, nanocellulose, paper partially dissolved by IL, cellulose carbamate, cellulose palmitate, and cellulose octanoate. The aim of the study was to show how chemical substituting and the substituent itself influence the biodegradability of cellulose materials. The enzymatic degradation and pilot-scale composting of these films shows the correlation between the hydrolysis rate and degree of substitution. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-based films decreased exponentially as the degree of substitution increased. Modifying cellulose to the extent that it gains the strength needed to obtain good mechanical properties, while retaining its natural biodegradability is an important factor when preparing alternatives for plastic films.

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Maturity Tests for Composts — Verification Of a Test Scheme for Assessing Maturity

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Biodegradability and Compostability of Nanofibrillar Cellulose-Based Products

Biodegradability and Compostability of Nanofibrillar Cellulose-Based Products

Evaluation of composition and performance of composts derived from guacamole production residues

Enzymatic Degradation and Pilot-Scale Composting of Cellulose-Based Films with Different Chemical Structures

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