Maturity2, a novel regulator of flowering time in Sorghum bicolor, increases expression of SbPRR37 and SbCO in long days delaying flowering

Casto, Anna L.; Mattison, Ashley J.; Olson, Sara; Thakran, Manish; Rooney, William L.; Mullet, John E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212154

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Overall, however, our observation that many sorghum QTL do not colocalize with homologs of canonical maize and rice vegetative development regulators (e.g., most QTL in Figure 3) suggests that much of the natural variation in vegetative morphology sorghum is due to genes not previously described in cereals. This finding is consistent with recent molecular cloning studies, which have revealed that while some classical sorghum genes are orthologs of canonical genes known from model crops (e.g., Tannin2 [Wu et al, 2019], Maturity6 [Murphy et al, 2014]), many others are novel genes (e.g., Dwarf1 [Yamaguchi et al, 2016], Maturity2 [Casto et al, 2019], Dry [Zhang et al, 2018]).…”

Section: 2supporting

confidence: 92%

Genome‐wide mapping and prediction of plant architecture in a sorghum nested association mapping population

Olatoye

Morris

2020

The Plant Genome

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Modifying plant architecture is often necessary for yield improvement and climate adaptation, but we lack understanding of the genotype-phenotype map for plant morphology in sorghum. Here, we use a nested association mapping (NAM) population that captures global allelic diversity of sorghum to characterize the genetics of leaf erectness, leaf width (at two stages), and stem diameter. Recombinant inbred lines (n = 2200) were phenotyped in multiple environments (35,200 observations) and joint linkage mapping was performed with ∼93,000 markers. Fifty-four QTL of small to large effect were identified for trait BLUPs (9-16 per trait) each explaining 0.4-4% of variation across the NAM population. While some of these QTL colocalize with sorghum homologs of grass genes (e.g., those involved in transcriptional regulation of hormone synthesis [rice SPINDLY] and transcriptional regulation of development [rice Ideal plant archi-tecture1]), most QTL did not colocalize with an a priori candidate gene (92%). Genomic prediction accuracy was generally high in five-fold cross-validation (0.65-0.83), and varied from low to high in leave-one-family-out cross-validation (0.04-0.61). The findings provide a foundation to identify the molecular basis of architecture variation in sorghum and establish genomic-enabled breeding for improved plant architecture. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: 2supporting

confidence: 92%

Genome‐wide mapping and prediction of plant architecture in a sorghum nested association mapping population

Olatoye

Morris

2020

The Plant Genome

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“…Short day grasses. In most sorghum genotypes, SbCO1 operates as a flowering promoter in SD and as a flowering repressor in LD [39] and SbPRR37 as a flowering repressor in LD [14,40]. By contrast, the orthologous PPD1 gene in barley and wheat functions as a LD heading promoter [12,16,19] (Fig 4).…”

Section: Genetic Interactions Among Co1 Co2 Ppd1 and Vrn2 Modulate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epistatic interactions between PHOTOPERIOD1, CONSTANS1 and CONSTANS2 modulate the photoperiodic response in wheat

Shaw

Woods

et al. 2020

PLoS Genet

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In Arabidopsis, CONSTANS (CO) integrates light and circadian clock signals to promote flowering under long days (LD). In the grasses, a duplication generated two paralogs designated as CONSTANS1 (CO1) and CONSTANS2 (CO2). Here we show that in tetraploid wheat plants grown under LD, combined loss-of-function mutations in the A and B-genome homeologs of CO1 and CO2 (co1 co2) result in a small (3 d) but significant (P<0.0001) acceleration of heading time both in PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) sensitive (Ppd-A1b, functional ancestral allele) and insensitive (Ppd-A1a, functional dominant allele) backgrounds. Under short days (SD), co1 co2 mutants headed 13 d earlier than the wild type (P<0.0001) in the presence of Ppd-A1a. However, in the presence of Ppd-A1b, spikes from both genotypes failed to emerge by 180 d. These results indicate that CO1 and CO2 operate mainly as weak heading time repressors in both LD and SD. By contrast, in ppd1 mutants with lossof-function mutations in both PPD1 homeologs, the wild type Co1 allele accelerated heading time >60 d relative to the co1 mutant allele under LD. We detected significant genetic interactions among CO1, CO2 and PPD1 genes on heading time, which were reflected in complex interactions at the transcriptional and protein levels. Loss-of-function mutations in PPD1 delayed heading more than combined co1 co2 mutations and, more importantly, PPD1 was able to perceive and respond to differences in photoperiod in the absence of functional CO1 and CO2 genes. Similarly, CO1 was able to accelerate heading time in response to LD in the absence of a functional PPD1. Taken together, these results indicate that PPD1 and CO1 are able to respond to photoperiod in the absence of each other, and that interactions between these two photoperiod pathways at the transcriptional and protein levels are important to fine-tune the flowering response in wheat.

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“…Of these, Ma1 is reported to have the largest effect; it encodes for the major flowering repressor, SbPRR37 (PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR PROTEIN 37; Sobic.006G057866), which modulates the action of several floral inhibitors and activators (Murphy et al, 2011). The only Ma4 has not yet been isolated, while Ma2, Ma3, Ma5 and Ma6 encode, respectively: a SET and MYND (SYMD) domain lysine methyltransferase (Sobic.002G302700) (Casto et al, 2019); a phytochrome B (Sobic.001G394400) (Childs et al, 1997); a phytochrome C (Sobic.001G087100) (Yang et al, 2014); and Ghd7, a CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC1 (CCT) domain protein (Sobic.006G004400) (Murphy et al, 2014). All of them participate in a complex network of floral activators and repressors which, in ancestral sorghum genotypes evolved in tropical regions of Africa, functioned to inhibit flowering under long day conditions; loss-of-function mutations on Ma genes were selected during sorghum domestication to extend its cultivation in temperate zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study for Biomass Related Traits in a Panel of Sorghum bicolor and S. bicolor × S. halepense Populations

et al. 2020

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The efficient use of sorghum as a renewable energy source requires high biomass yields and reduced agricultural inputs. Hybridization of Sorghum bicolor with wild Sorghum halepense can help meet both requirements, generating high-yielding and environment friendly perennial sorghum cultivars. Selection efficiency, however, needs to be improved to exploit the genetic potential of the derived recombinant lines and remove weedy and other wild traits. In this work, we present the results from a Genome-Wide Association Study conducted on a diversity panel made up of S. bicolor and an advanced population derived from S. bicolor × S. halepense multi-parent crosses. The objective was to identify genetic loci controlling biomass yield and biomass-relevant traits for breeding purposes. Plants were phenotyped during four consecutive years for dry biomass yield, dry mass fraction of fresh material, plant height and plant maturity. A genotyping-by-sequencing approach was implemented to obtain 92,383 high quality SNP markers used in this work. Significant marker-trait associations were uncovered across eight of the ten sorghum chromosomes, with two main hotspots near the end of chromosomes 7 and 9, in proximity of dwarfing genes Dw1 and Dw3 . No significant marker was found on chromosomes 2 and 4. A large number of significant marker loci associated with biomass yield and biomass-relevant traits showed minor effects on respective plant characteristics, with the exception of seven loci on chromosomes 3, 8, and 9 that explained 5.2–7.8% of phenotypic variability in dry mass yield, dry mass fraction of fresh material, and maturity, and a major effect ( R 2 = 16.2%) locus on chromosome 1 for dry mass fraction of fresh material which co-localized with a zinc-finger homeodomain protein possibly involved in the expression of the D (Dry stalk) locus. These markers and marker haplotypes identified in this work are expected to boost marker-assisted selection in sorghum breeding.

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Maturity2, a novel regulator of flowering time in Sorghum bicolor, increases expression of SbPRR37 and SbCO in long days delaying flowering

Cited by 37 publications

References 63 publications

Genome‐wide mapping and prediction of plant architecture in a sorghum nested association mapping population

Genome‐wide mapping and prediction of plant architecture in a sorghum nested association mapping population

Epistatic interactions between PHOTOPERIOD1, CONSTANS1 and CONSTANS2 modulate the photoperiodic response in wheat

Genome-Wide Association Study for Biomass Related Traits in a Panel of Sorghum bicolor and S. bicolor × S. halepense Populations

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